diff --git a/internal/clock/clock.go b/internal/clock/clock.go
index 6a62fd483..a33e6aeda 100644
--- a/internal/clock/clock.go
+++ b/internal/clock/clock.go
@@ -20,7 +20,15 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
+const (
+	DefaultTPS  = 60
+	SyncWithFPS = -1
+)
+
 var (
+	// tps represents TPS (ticks per second).
+	tps = DefaultTPS
+
 	lastNow int64
 
 	// lastSystemTime is the last system time in the previous Update.
@@ -127,16 +135,14 @@ func updateFPSAndTPS(now int64, count int) {
 	tpsCount = 0
 }
 
-const SyncWithFPS = -1
-
 // Update updates the inner clock state and returns an integer value
-// indicating how many times the game should update based on given tps.
-// tps represents TPS (ticks per second).
+// indicating how many times the game should update based on the current tps.
+//
 // If tps is SyncWithFPS, Update always returns 1.
 // If tps <= 0 and not SyncWithFPS, Update always returns 0.
 //
 // Update is expected to be called per frame.
-func Update(tps int) int {
+func Update() int {
 	m.Lock()
 	defer m.Unlock()
 
@@ -157,3 +163,15 @@ func Update(tps int) int {
 
 	return c
 }
+
+func SetTPS(newTPS int) {
+	m.Lock()
+	defer m.Unlock()
+	tps = newTPS
+}
+
+func TPS() int {
+	m.Lock()
+	defer m.Unlock()
+	return tps
+}
diff --git a/internal/ui/context.go b/internal/ui/context.go
index 6d3e1cb51..c56e1c5cd 100644
--- a/internal/ui/context.go
+++ b/internal/ui/context.go
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/internal/hooks"
 )
 
-const DefaultTPS = 60
+const DefaultTPS = clock.DefaultTPS
 
 type Game interface {
 	NewOffscreenImage(width, height int) *Image
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func newContext(game Game) *context {
 
 func (c *context) updateFrame(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, outsideWidth, outsideHeight float64, deviceScaleFactor float64) error {
 	// TODO: If updateCount is 0 and vsync is disabled, swapping buffers can be skipped.
-	return c.updateFrameImpl(graphicsDriver, clock.Update(theGlobalState.tps()), outsideWidth, outsideHeight, deviceScaleFactor)
+	return c.updateFrameImpl(graphicsDriver, clock.Update(), outsideWidth, outsideHeight, deviceScaleFactor)
 }
 
 func (c *context) forceUpdateFrame(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, outsideWidth, outsideHeight float64, deviceScaleFactor float64) error {
@@ -283,7 +283,6 @@ func (c *context) screenScaleAndOffsets() (float64, float64, float64) {
 }
 
 var theGlobalState = globalState{
-	tps_:                       DefaultTPS,
 	isScreenClearedEveryFrame_: 1,
 	screenFilterEnabled_:       1,
 }
@@ -295,7 +294,6 @@ type globalState struct {
 	errM sync.Mutex
 
 	fpsMode_                   int32
-	tps_                       int32
 	isScreenClearedEveryFrame_ int32
 	screenFilterEnabled_       int32
 }
@@ -322,20 +320,6 @@ func (g *globalState) setFPSMode(fpsMode FPSModeType) {
 	atomic.StoreInt32(&g.fpsMode_, int32(fpsMode))
 }
 
-func (g *globalState) tps() int {
-	if g.fpsMode() == FPSModeVsyncOffMinimum {
-		return clock.SyncWithFPS
-	}
-	return int(atomic.LoadInt32(&g.tps_))
-}
-
-func (g *globalState) setTPS(tps int) {
-	if tps < 0 && tps != clock.SyncWithFPS {
-		panic("ui: tps must be >= 0 or SyncWithFPS")
-	}
-	atomic.StoreInt32(&g.tps_, int32(tps))
-}
-
 func (g *globalState) isScreenClearedEveryFrame() bool {
 	return atomic.LoadInt32(&g.isScreenClearedEveryFrame_) != 0
 }
@@ -370,11 +354,11 @@ func SetFPSMode(fpsMode FPSModeType) {
 }
 
 func TPS() int {
-	return theGlobalState.tps()
+	return clock.TPS()
 }
 
 func SetTPS(tps int) {
-	theGlobalState.setTPS(tps)
+	clock.SetTPS(tps)
 }
 
 func IsScreenClearedEveryFrame() bool {