diff --git a/internal/graphicsdriver/directx/graphics12_windows.go b/internal/graphicsdriver/directx/graphics12_windows.go
index ec8c795dd..114119b2b 100644
--- a/internal/graphicsdriver/directx/graphics12_windows.go
+++ b/internal/graphicsdriver/directx/graphics12_windows.go
@@ -1068,7 +1068,7 @@ func (g *graphics12) MaxImageSize() int {
 
 func (g *graphics12) NewShader(program *shaderir.Program) (graphicsdriver.Shader, error) {
 	vs, ps, offsets := hlsl.Compile(program)
-	vsh, psh, err := newShader(vs, ps)
+	vsh, psh, err := compileShader(vs, ps)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/internal/graphicsdriver/directx/pipeline12_windows.go b/internal/graphicsdriver/directx/pipeline12_windows.go
index f599a2eb6..b2aa5a31e 100644
--- a/internal/graphicsdriver/directx/pipeline12_windows.go
+++ b/internal/graphicsdriver/directx/pipeline12_windows.go
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ import (
 	"math"
 	"unsafe"
 
-	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
-
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/internal/graphics"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/internal/graphicsdriver"
 )
@@ -406,63 +404,6 @@ func (p *pipelineStates) ensureRootSignature(device *_ID3D12Device) (rootSignatu
 	return p.rootSignature, nil
 }
 
-var vertexShaderCache = map[string]*_ID3DBlob{}
-
-func newShader(vs, ps string) (vsh, psh *_ID3DBlob, ferr error) {
-	var flag uint32 = uint32(_D3DCOMPILE_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL3)
-
-	defer func() {
-		if ferr == nil {
-			return
-		}
-		if vsh != nil {
-			vsh.Release()
-		}
-		if psh != nil {
-			psh.Release()
-		}
-	}()
-
-	var wg errgroup.Group
-
-	// Vertex shaders are likely the same. If so, reuse the same _ID3DBlob.
-	if v, ok := vertexShaderCache[vs]; ok {
-		// Increment the reference count not to release this object unexpectedly.
-		// The value will be removed when the count reached 0.
-		// See (*Shader).disposeImpl.
-		v.AddRef()
-		vsh = v
-	} else {
-		defer func() {
-			if ferr == nil {
-				vertexShaderCache[vs] = vsh
-			}
-		}()
-		wg.Go(func() error {
-			v, err := _D3DCompile([]byte(vs), "shader", nil, nil, "VSMain", "vs_5_0", flag, 0)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("directx: D3DCompile for VSMain failed, original source: %s, %w", vs, err)
-			}
-			vsh = v
-			return nil
-		})
-	}
-	wg.Go(func() error {
-		p, err := _D3DCompile([]byte(ps), "shader", nil, nil, "PSMain", "ps_5_0", flag, 0)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("directx: D3DCompile for PSMain failed, original source: %s, %w", ps, err)
-		}
-		psh = p
-		return nil
-	})
-
-	if err := wg.Wait(); err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-
-	return
-}
-
 func (p *pipelineStates) newPipelineState(device *_ID3D12Device, vsh, psh *_ID3DBlob, blend graphicsdriver.Blend, stencilMode stencilMode, screen bool) (state *_ID3D12PipelineState, ferr error) {
 	rootSignature, err := p.ensureRootSignature(device)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/internal/graphicsdriver/directx/shader_windows.go b/internal/graphicsdriver/directx/shader_windows.go
index 8623ed137..79d1d9dd2 100644
--- a/internal/graphicsdriver/directx/shader_windows.go
+++ b/internal/graphicsdriver/directx/shader_windows.go
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ package directx
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
+
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/internal/graphics"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/internal/graphicsdriver"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/internal/shaderir"
@@ -46,6 +48,63 @@ type Shader struct {
 	pipelineStates map[pipelineStateKey]*_ID3D12PipelineState
 }
 
+var vertexShaderCache = map[string]*_ID3DBlob{}
+
+func compileShader(vs, ps string) (vsh, psh *_ID3DBlob, ferr error) {
+	var flag uint32 = uint32(_D3DCOMPILE_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL3)
+
+	defer func() {
+		if ferr == nil {
+			return
+		}
+		if vsh != nil {
+			vsh.Release()
+		}
+		if psh != nil {
+			psh.Release()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	var wg errgroup.Group
+
+	// Vertex shaders are likely the same. If so, reuse the same _ID3DBlob.
+	if v, ok := vertexShaderCache[vs]; ok {
+		// Increment the reference count not to release this object unexpectedly.
+		// The value will be removed when the count reached 0.
+		// See (*Shader).disposeImpl.
+		v.AddRef()
+		vsh = v
+	} else {
+		defer func() {
+			if ferr == nil {
+				vertexShaderCache[vs] = vsh
+			}
+		}()
+		wg.Go(func() error {
+			v, err := _D3DCompile([]byte(vs), "shader", nil, nil, "VSMain", "vs_5_0", flag, 0)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("directx: D3DCompile for VSMain failed, original source: %s, %w", vs, err)
+			}
+			vsh = v
+			return nil
+		})
+	}
+	wg.Go(func() error {
+		p, err := _D3DCompile([]byte(ps), "shader", nil, nil, "PSMain", "ps_5_0", flag, 0)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("directx: D3DCompile for PSMain failed, original source: %s, %w", ps, err)
+		}
+		psh = p
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	if err := wg.Wait(); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
 func (s *Shader) ID() graphicsdriver.ShaderID {
 	return s.id
 }