Merge 30157b5dea into 361da49887

Updates #2944

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -42,9 +42,12 @@ jobs:
           sudo apt-get update
           sudo apt-get install libasound2-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libxcursor-dev libxi-dev libxinerama-dev libxrandr-dev libxxf86vm-dev
 
+      - name: Install Chrome
+        uses: browser-actions/setup-chrome@latest
+
       - name: Install wasmbrowsertest
         run: |
-          wasmbrowsertest_version=6e5bbb88049c42eb62e19d10e5be9940b9271aab
+          wasmbrowsertest_version=06679196c7e76f227e71456cdc16fccd6cc33601
           go install github.com/agnivade/wasmbrowsertest@${wasmbrowsertest_version}
           mv $(go env GOPATH)/bin/wasmbrowsertest${{ runner.os == 'Windows' && '.exe' || '' }} $(go env GOPATH)/bin/go_js_wasm_exec${{ runner.os == 'Windows' && '.exe' || '' }}
           go install github.com/agnivade/wasmbrowsertest/cmd/cleanenv@${wasmbrowsertest_version}
@@ -150,7 +153,7 @@ jobs:
         if: runner.os == 'Linux'
         run: |
           sudo apt-get install libgles2-mesa-dev
-          env EBITENGINE_GRAPHICS_LIBRARY=opengl EBITENGINE_OPENGL=es go test -shuffle=on -v -p=1 ./...
+          env EBITENGINE_GRAPHICS_LIBRARY=opengl go test -shuffle=on -v -p=1 ./...
 
       - name: go test (Windows)
         if: runner.os == 'Windows'
@@ -165,10 +168,9 @@ jobs:
           env GOARCH=386 EBITENGINE_DIRECTX=version=12 go test -shuffle=on -v ./...
 
       - name: go test (Wasm)
-        if: ${{ runner.os != 'macOS' && runner.os != 'Windows' }}
+        if: runner.os != 'macOS'
         run: |
           # Wasm tests don't work on macOS with the headless mode enabled, but the headless mode cannot be disabled in GitHub Actions (#2972).
-          # Wasm tests don't work on Windows well due to mysterious timeouts (#2982).
           env GOOS=js GOARCH=wasm cleanenv -remove-prefix GITHUB_ -remove-prefix JAVA_ -remove-prefix PSModulePath -remove-prefix STATS_ -remove-prefix RUNNER_ -- go test -shuffle=on -v ./...
 
       - name: Install ebitenmobile

doc.go

@@ -93,11 +93,6 @@
 // The option "featurelevel" is valid only for DirectX 12.
 // The possible values are "11_0", "11_1", "12_0", "12_1", and "12_2". The default value is "11_0".
 //
-// `EBITENGINE_OPENGL` environment variable specifies various parameters for OpenGL.
-// You can specify multiple values separated by a comma. The default value is empty (i.e. no parameters).
-//
-//	"es": Use OpenGL ES. Without this, OpenGL and OpenGL ES are automatically chosen.
-//
 // # Build tags
 //
 // `ebitenginedebug` outputs a log of graphics commands. This is useful to know what happens in Ebitengine. In general, the

go.mod

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ go 1.19
 require (
 	github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240802043200-192f051f4fcc
 	github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0
-	github.com/ebitengine/oto/v3 v3.3.0-alpha.3.0.20240806041909-d412d64fb19f
-	github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.8.0-alpha.3.0.20240805123034-6cc30db8f187
+	github.com/ebitengine/oto/v3 v3.3.0-alpha.4
+	github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.8.0-alpha.4
 	github.com/gen2brain/mpeg v0.3.2-0.20240412154320-a2ac4fc8a46f
 	github.com/go-text/typesetting v0.1.1
 	github.com/hajimehoshi/bitmapfont/v3 v3.2.0-alpha.3

go.sum

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240802043200-192f051f4fcc h1:76TYsaP1F48
 github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240802043200-192f051f4fcc/go.mod h1:RM/c3pvru6dRqgGEW7RCTb6czFXYAa3MxbXu3u8/dcI=
 github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0 h1:5J4U0kXF+pv/DhiXt5/lTz0eO5ogJ1iXb8Yj1yReDqE=
 github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0/go.mod h1:hTTBTvVYWKBuxPr7peweneWdkUwEuHuB3C1R/ielR1A=
-github.com/ebitengine/oto/v3 v3.3.0-alpha.3.0.20240806041909-d412d64fb19f h1:1a7SoSH0DOZEIRXcWNRCAYV2dj9POTlyqi7zKrmhcTM=
-github.com/ebitengine/oto/v3 v3.3.0-alpha.3.0.20240806041909-d412d64fb19f/go.mod h1:yYvXK7mgNwsFawY5RsvGI6yhMHtD+0MfaPkDTl9/uv8=
-github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.8.0-alpha.3.0.20240805123034-6cc30db8f187 h1:vXEgFw8Ni26tlWLmeI8nFXa7pMLKUTR9hfXcQPCYpQg=
-github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.8.0-alpha.3.0.20240805123034-6cc30db8f187/go.mod h1:SQ56/omnSL8DdaBSKswoBvsMjgaWQyxyeMtb48sOskI=
+github.com/ebitengine/oto/v3 v3.3.0-alpha.4 h1:w9SD7kK4GgJULkh5pWVTToMA5Ia1bP7VxD4rIjQqb8M=
+github.com/ebitengine/oto/v3 v3.3.0-alpha.4/go.mod h1:B+Sz3hzZXcx251YqSPIj+cVMicvlx7Xiq29AEUIbc7E=
+github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.8.0-alpha.4 h1:Dg9xRGC3giyQedfISyHH94eQM0md4a84+HHr7KBBH/Q=
+github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.8.0-alpha.4/go.mod h1:SQ56/omnSL8DdaBSKswoBvsMjgaWQyxyeMtb48sOskI=
 github.com/gen2brain/mpeg v0.3.2-0.20240412154320-a2ac4fc8a46f h1:ysqRe+lvUiL0dH5XzkH0Bz68bFMPJ4f5Si4L/HD9SGk=
 github.com/gen2brain/mpeg v0.3.2-0.20240412154320-a2ac4fc8a46f/go.mod h1:i/ebyRRv/IoHixuZ9bElZnXbmfoUVPGQpdsJ4sVuX38=
 github.com/go-text/typesetting v0.1.1 h1:bGAesCuo85nXnEN5LmFMVGAGpGkCPtHrZLi//qD7EJo=

internal/atlas/image.go

@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ func SwapBuffers(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics) error {
 	}()
 
 	if debug.IsDebug {
-		debug.Logf("Internal image sizes:\n")
+		debug.FrameLogf("Internal image sizes:\n")
 		imgs := make([]*graphicscommand.Image, 0, len(theBackends))
 		for _, backend := range theBackends {
 			imgs = append(imgs, backend.image)

internal/debug/debug.go

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@
 
 package debug
 
-type Logger interface {
-	Logf(format string, args ...any)
+// FrameLogger defines the interface for logging debug information for each frame.
+type FrameLogger interface {
+	FrameLogf(format string, args ...any)
 	Flush()
 }

internal/debug/debug_ebitenginedebug.go

@@ -23,30 +23,32 @@ import (
 
 const IsDebug = true
 
-var theLogger = &logger{}
+var theFrameLogger = &frameLogger{}
 
 var flushM sync.Mutex
 
-// Logf calls the current global logger's Logf.
-// Logf buffers the arguments and doesn't dump the log immediately.
+// FrameLogf calls the current global logger's FrameLogf.
+// FrameLogf buffers the arguments and doesn't dump the log immediately.
 // You can dump logs by calling SwitchLogger and Flush.
 //
-// Logf is not concurrent safe.
-func Logf(format string, args ...any) {
-	theLogger.Logf(format, args...)
+// FrameLogf is not concurrent safe.
+// FrameLogf and SwitchFrameLogger must be called from the same goroutine.
+func FrameLogf(format string, args ...any) {
+	theFrameLogger.FrameLogf(format, args...)
 }
 
-// SwitchLogger sets a new logger as the current logger and returns the original global logger.
+// SwitchFrameLogger sets a new logger as the current logger and returns the original global logger.
 // The new global logger and the returned logger have separate statuses, so you can use them for different goroutines.
 //
-// SwitchLogger and a returned Logger are not concurrent safe.
-func SwitchLogger() Logger {
-	current := theLogger
-	theLogger = &logger{}
+// SwitchFrameLogger and a returned Logger are not concurrent safe.
+// FrameLogf and SwitchFrameLogger must be called from the same goroutine.
+func SwitchFrameLogger() FrameLogger {
+	current := theFrameLogger
+	theFrameLogger = &frameLogger{}
 	return current
 }
 
-type logger struct {
+type frameLogger struct {
 	items []logItem
 }
 
@@ -55,14 +57,14 @@ type logItem struct {
 	args   []any
 }
 
-func (l *logger) Logf(format string, args ...any) {
+func (l *frameLogger) FrameLogf(format string, args ...any) {
 	l.items = append(l.items, logItem{
 		format: format,
 		args:   args,
 	})
 }
 
-func (l *logger) Flush() {
+func (l *frameLogger) Flush() {
 	// Flushing is protected by a mutex not to mix another logger's logs.
 	flushM.Lock()
 	defer flushM.Unlock()

internal/debug/debug_notebitenginedebug.go

@@ -18,17 +18,17 @@ package debug
 
 const IsDebug = false
 
-func Logf(format string, args ...any) {
+func FrameLogf(format string, args ...any) {
 }
 
-func SwitchLogger() Logger {
-	return dummyLogger{}
+func SwitchFrameLogger() FrameLogger {
+	return dummyFrameLogger{}
 }
 
-type dummyLogger struct{}
+type dummyFrameLogger struct{}
 
-func (dummyLogger) Logf(format string, args ...any) {
+func (dummyFrameLogger) FrameLogf(format string, args ...any) {
 }
 
-func (dummyLogger) Flush() {
+func (dummyFrameLogger) Flush() {
 }

internal/gamepad/gamepad_linux.go

@@ -54,6 +54,10 @@ func (g *nativeGamepadsImpl) init(gamepads *gamepads) error {
 		if err == unix.ENOENT {
 			return nil
 		}
+		// `/dev/input` might not be accessible in some environments (#3057).
+		if err == unix.EACCES {
+			return nil
+		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("gamepad: Stat failed: %w", err)
 	}
 	if stat.Mode&unix.S_IFDIR == 0 {

internal/graphicscommand/commandqueue.go

@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ func (q *commandQueue) Flush(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, endFrame bo
 		}
 	}
 
-	logger := debug.SwitchLogger()
+	logger := debug.SwitchFrameLogger()
 
 	var flushErr error
 	runOnRenderThread(func() {
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ func (q *commandQueue) Flush(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, endFrame bo
 }
 
 // flush must be called the render thread.
-func (q *commandQueue) flush(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, endFrame bool, logger debug.Logger) (err error) {
+func (q *commandQueue) flush(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, endFrame bool, logger debug.FrameLogger) (err error) {
 	// If endFrame is true, Begin/End should be called to ensure the framebuffer is swapped.
 	if len(q.commands) == 0 && !endFrame {
 		return nil
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ func (q *commandQueue) flush(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, endFrame bo
 
 	es := q.indices
 	vs := q.vertices
-	logger.Logf("Graphics commands:\n")
+	logger.FrameLogf("Graphics commands:\n")
 
 	if err := graphicsDriver.Begin(); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ func (q *commandQueue) flush(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, endFrame bo
 			if err := c.Exec(q, graphicsDriver, indexOffset); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-			logger.Logf("  %s\n", c)
+			logger.FrameLogf("  %s\n", c)
 			// TODO: indexOffset should be reset if the command type is different
 			// from the previous one. This fix is needed when another drawing command is
 			// introduced than drawTrianglesCommand.

internal/graphicscommand/image.go

@@ -234,6 +234,6 @@ func LogImagesInfo(images []*Image) {
 		if i.screen {
 			screen = " (screen)"
 		}
-		debug.Logf("  %d: (%d, %d)%s\n", i.id, w, h, screen)
+		debug.FrameLogf("  %d: (%d, %d)%s\n", i.id, w, h, screen)
 	}
 }

internal/graphicsdriver/opengl/gl/procaddr_linbsd.go

@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@ package gl
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/ebitengine/purego"
@@ -31,40 +29,10 @@ var (
 )
 
 func (c *defaultContext) init() error {
-	var preferES bool
-	if runtime.GOOS == "android" {
-		preferES = true
-	}
-	if !preferES {
-		for _, t := range strings.Split(os.Getenv("EBITENGINE_OPENGL"), ",") {
-			switch strings.TrimSpace(t) {
-			case "es":
-				preferES = true
-				break
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
 	// TODO: Use multiple %w-s as of Go 1.20.
 	var errors []string
 
-	// Try OpenGL first. OpenGL is preferable as this doesn't cause context losses.
-	if !preferES {
-		// Usually libGL.so or libGL.so.1 is used. libGL.so.2 might exist only on NetBSD.
-		// TODO: Should "libOpenGL.so.0" [1] and "libGLX.so.0" [2] be added? These were added as of GLFW 3.3.9.
-		// [1] https://github.com/glfw/glfw/commit/55aad3c37b67f17279378db52da0a3ab81bbf26d
-		// [2] https://github.com/glfw/glfw/commit/c18851f52ec9704eb06464058a600845ec1eada1
-		for _, name := range []string{"libGL.so", "libGL.so.2", "libGL.so.1", "libGL.so.0"} {
-			lib, err := purego.Dlopen(name, purego.RTLD_LAZY|purego.RTLD_GLOBAL)
-			if err == nil {
-				libGL = lib
-				return nil
-			}
-			errors = append(errors, fmt.Sprintf("%s: %v", name, err))
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Try OpenGL ES.
+	// Try OpenGL ES first. Some machines like Android and Raspberry Pi might work only with OpenGL ES.
 	for _, name := range []string{"libGLESv2.so", "libGLESv2.so.2", "libGLESv2.so.1", "libGLESv2.so.0"} {
 		lib, err := purego.Dlopen(name, purego.RTLD_LAZY|purego.RTLD_GLOBAL)
 		if err == nil {
@@ -75,6 +43,20 @@ func (c *defaultContext) init() error {
 		errors = append(errors, fmt.Sprintf("%s: %v", name, err))
 	}
 
+	// Try OpenGL next.
+	// Usually libGL.so or libGL.so.1 is used. libGL.so.2 might exist only on NetBSD.
+	// TODO: Should "libOpenGL.so.0" [1] and "libGLX.so.0" [2] be added? These were added as of GLFW 3.3.9.
+	// [1] https://github.com/glfw/glfw/commit/55aad3c37b67f17279378db52da0a3ab81bbf26d
+	// [2] https://github.com/glfw/glfw/commit/c18851f52ec9704eb06464058a600845ec1eada1
+	for _, name := range []string{"libGL.so", "libGL.so.2", "libGL.so.1", "libGL.so.0"} {
+		lib, err := purego.Dlopen(name, purego.RTLD_LAZY|purego.RTLD_GLOBAL)
+		if err == nil {
+			libGL = lib
+			return nil
+		}
+		errors = append(errors, fmt.Sprintf("%s: %v", name, err))
+	}
+
 	return fmt.Errorf("gl: failed to load libGL.so and libGLESv2.so: %s", strings.Join(errors, ", "))
 }
 

internal/ui/context.go

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ func (c *context) updateFrameImpl(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, update
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	debug.Logf("----\n")
+	debug.FrameLogf("----\n")
 
 	if err := atlas.BeginFrame(graphicsDriver); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ func (c *context) updateFrameImpl(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, update
 		updateCount = 1
 		c.updateCalled = true
 	}
-	debug.Logf("Update count per frame: %d\n", updateCount)
+	debug.FrameLogf("Update count per frame: %d\n", updateCount)
 
 	// Update the game.
 	for i := 0; i < updateCount; i++ {

text/v2/atlas.go

@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Ebitengine Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package text
+
+import (
+	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
+	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/internal/packing"
+)
+
+type glyphAtlas struct {
+	page  *packing.Page
+	image *ebiten.Image
+}
+
+type glyphImage struct {
+	atlas *glyphAtlas
+	node  *packing.Node
+}
+
+func (i *glyphImage) Image() *ebiten.Image {
+	return i.atlas.image.SubImage(i.node.Region()).(*ebiten.Image)
+}
+
+func newGlyphAtlas() *glyphAtlas {
+	return &glyphAtlas{
+		// Note: 128x128 is arbitrary, maybe a better value can be inferred
+		// from the font size or something
+		page:  packing.NewPage(128, 128, 1024), // TODO: not 1024
+		image: ebiten.NewImage(128, 128),
+	}
+}
+
+func (g *glyphAtlas) NewImage(w, h int) *glyphImage {
+	n := g.page.Alloc(w, h)
+	pw, ph := g.page.Size()
+	if pw > g.image.Bounds().Dx() || ph > g.image.Bounds().Dy() {
+		newImage := ebiten.NewImage(pw, ph)
+		newImage.DrawImage(g.image, nil)
+		g.image = newImage
+	}
+
+	return &glyphImage{
+		atlas: g,
+		node:  n,
+	}
+}
+
+func (g *glyphAtlas) Free(img *glyphImage) {
+	g.page.Free(img.node)
+}
+
+type drawRange struct {
+	atlas *glyphAtlas
+	end   int
+}
+
+// drawList stores triangle versions of DrawImage calls when
+// all images are sub-images of an atlas.
+// Temporary vertices and indices can be re-used after calling
+// Flush, so it is more efficient to keep a reference to a drawList
+// instead of creating a new one every frame.
+type drawList struct {
+	ranges []drawRange
+	vx     []ebiten.Vertex
+	ix     []uint16
+}
+
+// drawCommand is the equivalent of the regular DrawImageOptions
+// but only including options that will not break batching.
+// Filter, Address, Blend and AntiAlias are determined at Flush()
+type drawCommand struct {
+	Image *glyphImage
+
+	ColorScale ebiten.ColorScale
+	GeoM       ebiten.GeoM
+}
+
+var rectIndices = [6]uint16{0, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3}
+
+type point struct {
+	X, Y float32
+}
+
+func pt(x, y float64) point {
+	return point{
+		X: float32(x),
+		Y: float32(y),
+	}
+}
+
+type rectOpts struct {
+	Dsts         [4]point
+	SrcX0, SrcY0 float32
+	SrcX1, SrcY1 float32
+	R, G, B, A   float32
+}
+
+// adjustDestinationPixel is the original ebitengine implementation found here:
+// https://github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/blob/v2.8.0-alpha.1/internal/graphics/vertex.go#L102-L126
+func adjustDestinationPixel(x float32) float32 {
+	// Avoid the center of the pixel, which is problematic (#929, #1171).
+	// Instead, align the vertices with about 1/3 pixels.
+	//
+	// The intention here is roughly this code:
+	//
+	//     float32(math.Floor((float64(x)+1.0/6.0)*3) / 3)
+	//
+	// The actual implementation is more optimized than the above implementation.
+	ix := float32(int(x))
+	if x < 0 && x != ix {
+		ix -= 1
+	}
+	frac := x - ix
+	switch {
+	case frac < 3.0/16.0:
+		return ix
+	case frac < 8.0/16.0:
+		return ix + 5.0/16.0
+	case frac < 13.0/16.0:
+		return ix + 11.0/16.0
+	default:
+		return ix + 16.0/16.0
+	}
+}
+
+func appendRectVerticesIndices(vertices []ebiten.Vertex, indices []uint16, index int, opts *rectOpts) ([]ebiten.Vertex, []uint16) {
+	sx0, sy0, sx1, sy1 := opts.SrcX0, opts.SrcY0, opts.SrcX1, opts.SrcY1
+	r, g, b, a := opts.R, opts.G, opts.B, opts.A
+	vertices = append(vertices,
+		ebiten.Vertex{
+			DstX:   adjustDestinationPixel(opts.Dsts[0].X),
+			DstY:   adjustDestinationPixel(opts.Dsts[0].Y),
+			SrcX:   sx0,
+			SrcY:   sy0,
+			ColorR: r,
+			ColorG: g,
+			ColorB: b,
+			ColorA: a,
+		},
+		ebiten.Vertex{
+			DstX:   adjustDestinationPixel(opts.Dsts[1].X),
+			DstY:   adjustDestinationPixel(opts.Dsts[1].Y),
+			SrcX:   sx1,
+			SrcY:   sy0,
+			ColorR: r,
+			ColorG: g,
+			ColorB: b,
+			ColorA: a,
+		},
+		ebiten.Vertex{
+			DstX:   adjustDestinationPixel(opts.Dsts[2].X),
+			DstY:   adjustDestinationPixel(opts.Dsts[2].Y),
+			SrcX:   sx0,
+			SrcY:   sy1,
+			ColorR: r,
+			ColorG: g,
+			ColorB: b,
+			ColorA: a,
+		},
+		ebiten.Vertex{
+			DstX:   adjustDestinationPixel(opts.Dsts[3].X),
+			DstY:   adjustDestinationPixel(opts.Dsts[3].Y),
+			SrcX:   sx1,
+			SrcY:   sy1,
+			ColorR: r,
+			ColorG: g,
+			ColorB: b,
+			ColorA: a,
+		},
+	)
+
+	indiceCursor := uint16(index * 4)
+	indices = append(indices,
+		rectIndices[0]+indiceCursor,
+		rectIndices[1]+indiceCursor,
+		rectIndices[2]+indiceCursor,
+		rectIndices[3]+indiceCursor,
+		rectIndices[4]+indiceCursor,
+		rectIndices[5]+indiceCursor,
+	)
+
+	return vertices, indices
+}
+
+// Add adds DrawImage commands to the DrawList, images from multiple
+// atlases can be added but they will break the previous batch bound to
+// a different atlas, requiring an additional draw call internally.
+// So, it is better to have the maximum of consecutive DrawCommand images
+// sharing the same atlas.
+func (dl *drawList) Add(commands ...*drawCommand) {
+	if len(commands) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var batch *drawRange
+
+	if len(dl.ranges) > 0 {
+		batch = &dl.ranges[len(dl.ranges)-1]
+	} else {
+		dl.ranges = append(dl.ranges, drawRange{
+			atlas: commands[0].Image.atlas,
+		})
+		batch = &dl.ranges[0]
+	}
+	// Add vertices and indices
+	opts := &rectOpts{}
+	for _, cmd := range commands {
+		if cmd.Image.atlas != batch.atlas {
+			dl.ranges = append(dl.ranges, drawRange{
+				atlas: cmd.Image.atlas,
+			})
+			batch = &dl.ranges[len(dl.ranges)-1]
+		}
+
+		// Dst attributes
+		bounds := cmd.Image.node.Region()
+		opts.Dsts[0] = pt(cmd.GeoM.Apply(0, 0))
+		opts.Dsts[1] = pt(cmd.GeoM.Apply(
+			float64(bounds.Dx()), 0,
+		))
+		opts.Dsts[2] = pt(cmd.GeoM.Apply(
+			0, float64(bounds.Dy()),
+		))
+		opts.Dsts[3] = pt(cmd.GeoM.Apply(
+			float64(bounds.Dx()), float64(bounds.Dy()),
+		))
+
+		// Color and source attributes
+		opts.R = cmd.ColorScale.R()
+		opts.G = cmd.ColorScale.G()
+		opts.B = cmd.ColorScale.B()
+		opts.A = cmd.ColorScale.A()
+		opts.SrcX0 = float32(bounds.Min.X)
+		opts.SrcY0 = float32(bounds.Min.Y)
+		opts.SrcX1 = float32(bounds.Max.X)
+		opts.SrcY1 = float32(bounds.Max.Y)
+
+		dl.vx, dl.ix = appendRectVerticesIndices(
+			dl.vx, dl.ix, batch.end, opts,
+		)
+
+		batch.end++
+	}
+}
+
+// DrawOptions are additional options that will be applied to
+// all draw commands from the draw list when calling Flush().
+type drawOptions struct {
+	ColorScaleMode ebiten.ColorScaleMode
+	Blend          ebiten.Blend
+	Filter         ebiten.Filter
+	Address        ebiten.Address
+	AntiAlias      bool
+}
+
+// Flush executes all the draw commands as the smallest possible
+// amount of draw calls, and then clears the list for next uses.
+func (dl *drawList) Flush(dst *ebiten.Image, opts *drawOptions) {
+	var topts *ebiten.DrawTrianglesOptions
+	if opts != nil {
+		topts = &ebiten.DrawTrianglesOptions{
+			ColorScaleMode: opts.ColorScaleMode,
+			Blend:          opts.Blend,
+			Filter:         opts.Filter,
+			Address:        opts.Address,
+			AntiAlias:      opts.AntiAlias,
+		}
+	}
+	index := 0
+	for _, r := range dl.ranges {
+		dst.DrawTriangles(
+			dl.vx[index*4:(index+r.end)*4],
+			dl.ix[index*6:(index+r.end)*6],
+			r.atlas.image,
+			topts,
+		)
+		index += r.end
+	}
+	// Clear buffers
+	dl.ranges = dl.ranges[:0]
+	dl.vx = dl.vx[:0]
+	dl.ix = dl.ix[:0]
+}

text/v2/glyph.go

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import (
 	"math"
 	"sync"
 
-	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/internal/hook"
 )
 
@@ -38,17 +37,18 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 type glyphImageCacheEntry struct {
-	image *ebiten.Image
+	image *glyphImage
 	atime int64
 }
 
 type glyphImageCache[Key comparable] struct {
+	atlas *glyphAtlas
 	cache map[Key]*glyphImageCacheEntry
 	atime int64
 	m     sync.Mutex
 }
 
-func (g *glyphImageCache[Key]) getOrCreate(face Face, key Key, create func() *ebiten.Image) *ebiten.Image {
+func (g *glyphImageCache[Key]) getOrCreate(face Face, key Key, create func(a *glyphAtlas) *glyphImage) *glyphImage {
 	g.m.Lock()
 	defer g.m.Unlock()
 
@@ -61,10 +61,11 @@ func (g *glyphImageCache[Key]) getOrCreate(face Face, key Key, create func() *eb
 	}
 
 	if g.cache == nil {
+		g.atlas = newGlyphAtlas()
 		g.cache = map[Key]*glyphImageCacheEntry{}
 	}
 
-	img := create()
+	img := create(g.atlas)
 	e = &glyphImageCacheEntry{
 		image: img,
 	}
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ func (g *glyphImageCache[Key]) getOrCreate(face Face, key Key, create func() *eb
 					continue
 				}
 				delete(g.cache, key)
+				g.atlas.Free(e.image)
 			}
 		}
 	}

text/v2/gotext.go

@@ -310,11 +310,16 @@ func (g *GoTextFace) appendGlyphsForLine(glyphs []Glyph, line string, indexOffse
 		}))
 		// Append a glyph even if img is nil.
 		// This is necessary to return index information for control characters.
+		var ebitenImage *ebiten.Image
+		if img != nil {
+			ebitenImage = img.Image()
+		}
 		glyphs = append(glyphs, Glyph{
+			img:               img,
 			StartIndexInBytes: indexOffset + glyph.startIndex,
 			EndIndexInBytes:   indexOffset + glyph.endIndex,
 			GID:               uint32(glyph.shapingGlyph.GlyphID),
-			Image:             img,
+			Image:             ebitenImage,
 			X:                 float64(imgX),
 			Y:                 float64(imgY),
 		})
@@ -327,7 +332,7 @@ func (g *GoTextFace) appendGlyphsForLine(glyphs []Glyph, line string, indexOffse
 	return glyphs
 }
 
-func (g *GoTextFace) glyphImage(glyph glyph, origin fixed.Point26_6) (*ebiten.Image, int, int) {
+func (g *GoTextFace) glyphImage(glyph glyph, origin fixed.Point26_6) (*glyphImage, int, int) {
 	if g.direction().isHorizontal() {
 		origin.X = adjustGranularity(origin.X, g)
 		origin.Y &^= ((1 << 6) - 1)
@@ -347,8 +352,8 @@ func (g *GoTextFace) glyphImage(glyph glyph, origin fixed.Point26_6) (*ebiten.Im
 		yoffset:    subpixelOffset.Y,
 		variations: g.ensureVariationsString(),
 	}
-	img := g.Source.getOrCreateGlyphImage(g, key, func() *ebiten.Image {
-		return segmentsToImage(glyph.scaledSegments, subpixelOffset, b)
+	img := g.Source.getOrCreateGlyphImage(g, key, func(a *glyphAtlas) *glyphImage {
+		return segmentsToImage(a, glyph.scaledSegments, subpixelOffset, b)
 	})
 
 	imgX := (origin.X + b.Min.X).Floor()

text/v2/gotextfacesource.go

@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/opentype/loader"
 	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/shaping"
 	"golang.org/x/image/math/fixed"
-
-	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 )
 
 type goTextOutputCacheKey struct {
@@ -282,7 +280,7 @@ func (g *GoTextFaceSource) scale(size float64) float64 {
 	return size / float64(g.f.Upem())
 }
 
-func (g *GoTextFaceSource) getOrCreateGlyphImage(goTextFace *GoTextFace, key goTextGlyphImageCacheKey, create func() *ebiten.Image) *ebiten.Image {
+func (g *GoTextFaceSource) getOrCreateGlyphImage(goTextFace *GoTextFace, key goTextGlyphImageCacheKey, create func(a *glyphAtlas) *glyphImage) *glyphImage {
 	if g.glyphImageCache == nil {
 		g.glyphImageCache = map[float64]*glyphImageCache[goTextGlyphImageCacheKey]{}
 	}

text/v2/gotextseg.go

@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ import (
 	"image/draw"
 	"math"
 
-	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/opentype/api"
-	"golang.org/x/image/math/fixed"
 	gvector "golang.org/x/image/vector"
 
-	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
+	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/opentype/api"
+	"golang.org/x/image/math/fixed"
+
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/vector"
 )
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func segmentsToBounds(segs []api.Segment) fixed.Rectangle26_6 {
 	}
 }
 
-func segmentsToImage(segs []api.Segment, subpixelOffset fixed.Point26_6, glyphBounds fixed.Rectangle26_6) *ebiten.Image {
+func segmentsToImage(a *glyphAtlas, segs []api.Segment, subpixelOffset fixed.Point26_6, glyphBounds fixed.Rectangle26_6) *glyphImage {
 	if len(segs) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -122,7 +122,10 @@ func segmentsToImage(segs []api.Segment, subpixelOffset fixed.Point26_6, glyphBo
 
 	dst := image.NewRGBA(image.Rect(0, 0, w, h))
 	rast.Draw(dst, dst.Bounds(), image.Opaque, image.Point{})
-	return ebiten.NewImageFromImage(dst)
+	img := a.NewImage(w, h)
+	img.Image().WritePixels(dst.Pix)
+
+	return img
 }
 
 func appendVectorPathFromSegments(path *vector.Path, segs []api.Segment, x, y float32) {

text/v2/gox.go

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/image/font"
 	"golang.org/x/image/math/fixed"
 
-	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/vector"
 )
 
@@ -119,9 +118,10 @@ func (s *GoXFace) appendGlyphsForLine(glyphs []Glyph, line string, indexOffset i
 		// Append a glyph even if img is nil.
 		// This is necessary to return index information for control characters.
 		glyphs = append(glyphs, Glyph{
+			img:               img,
 			StartIndexInBytes: indexOffset + i,
 			EndIndexInBytes:   indexOffset + i + size,
-			Image:             img,
+			Image:             img.Image(),
 			X:                 float64(imgX),
 			Y:                 float64(imgY),
 		})
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ func (s *GoXFace) appendGlyphsForLine(glyphs []Glyph, line string, indexOffset i
 	return glyphs
 }
 
-func (s *GoXFace) glyphImage(r rune, origin fixed.Point26_6) (*ebiten.Image, int, int, fixed.Int26_6) {
+func (s *GoXFace) glyphImage(r rune, origin fixed.Point26_6) (*glyphImage, int, int, fixed.Int26_6) {
 	// Assume that GoXFace's direction is always horizontal.
 	origin.X = adjustGranularity(origin.X, s)
 	origin.Y &^= ((1 << 6) - 1)
@@ -146,15 +146,15 @@ func (s *GoXFace) glyphImage(r rune, origin fixed.Point26_6) (*ebiten.Image, int
 		rune:    r,
 		xoffset: subpixelOffset.X,
 	}
-	img := s.glyphImageCache.getOrCreate(s, key, func() *ebiten.Image {
-		return s.glyphImageImpl(r, subpixelOffset, b)
+	img := s.glyphImageCache.getOrCreate(s, key, func(a *glyphAtlas) *glyphImage {
+		return s.glyphImageImpl(a, r, subpixelOffset, b)
 	})
 	imgX := (origin.X + b.Min.X).Floor()
 	imgY := (origin.Y + b.Min.Y).Floor()
 	return img, imgX, imgY, a
 }
 
-func (s *GoXFace) glyphImageImpl(r rune, subpixelOffset fixed.Point26_6, glyphBounds fixed.Rectangle26_6) *ebiten.Image {
+func (s *GoXFace) glyphImageImpl(a *glyphAtlas, r rune, subpixelOffset fixed.Point26_6, glyphBounds fixed.Rectangle26_6) *glyphImage {
 	w, h := (glyphBounds.Max.X - glyphBounds.Min.X).Ceil(), (glyphBounds.Max.Y - glyphBounds.Min.Y).Ceil()
 	if w == 0 || h == 0 {
 		return nil
@@ -178,7 +178,10 @@ func (s *GoXFace) glyphImageImpl(r rune, subpixelOffset fixed.Point26_6, glyphBo
 	}
 	d.DrawString(string(r))
 
-	return ebiten.NewImageFromImage(rgba)
+	img := a.NewImage(w, h)
+	img.Image().WritePixels(rgba.Pix)
+
+	return img
 }
 
 // direction implements Face.

text/v2/layout.go

@@ -111,15 +111,24 @@ func Draw(dst *ebiten.Image, text string, face Face, options *DrawOptions) {
 
 	geoM := drawOp.GeoM
 
+	dl := &drawList{}
+	dc := &drawCommand{}
 	for _, g := range AppendGlyphs(nil, text, face, &layoutOp) {
 		if g.Image == nil {
 			continue
 		}
-		drawOp.GeoM.Reset()
-		drawOp.GeoM.Translate(g.X, g.Y)
-		drawOp.GeoM.Concat(geoM)
-		dst.DrawImage(g.Image, &drawOp)
+		dc.GeoM.Reset()
+		dc.GeoM.Translate(g.X, g.Y)
+		dc.GeoM.Concat(geoM)
+		dc.ColorScale = drawOp.ColorScale
+		dc.Image = g.img
+		dl.Add(dc)
 	}
+	dl.Flush(dst, &drawOptions{
+		Blend:          drawOp.Blend,
+		Filter:         drawOp.Filter,
+		ColorScaleMode: ebiten.ColorScaleModePremultipliedAlpha,
+	})
 }
 
 // AppendGlyphs appends glyphs to the given slice and returns a slice.

text/v2/text.go

@@ -115,6 +115,11 @@ func adjustGranularity(x fixed.Int26_6, face Face) fixed.Int26_6 {
 
 // Glyph represents one glyph to render.
 type Glyph struct {
+	// Image is a rasterized glyph image.
+	// Image is a grayscale image i.e. RGBA values are the same.
+	// Image should be used as a render source and should not be modified.
+	img *glyphImage
+
 	// StartIndexInBytes is the start index in bytes for the given string at AppendGlyphs.
 	StartIndexInBytes int