Merge 1dd96726c4 into dc68152f17

Closes #3073

go.mod

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ module github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2
 go 1.19
 
 require (
-	github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240802043200-192f051f4fcc
+	github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240825043811-96c531f5bd83
 	github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0
 	github.com/ebitengine/oto/v3 v3.3.0-alpha.4
-	github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.8.0-alpha.4
+	github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.8.0-alpha.5
 	github.com/gen2brain/mpeg v0.3.2-0.20240412154320-a2ac4fc8a46f
 	github.com/go-text/typesetting v0.1.1
 	github.com/hajimehoshi/bitmapfont/v3 v3.2.0-alpha.4

go.sum

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240802043200-192f051f4fcc h1:76TYsaP1F48tiQRlrr71NsbfxBcFM9/8bEHS9/JbsQg=
+github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240825043811-96c531f5bd83 h1:yA0CtFKYZI/db1snCOInRS0Z18QGZU6aBYkqUT0H6RI=
-github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240802043200-192f051f4fcc/go.mod h1:RM/c3pvru6dRqgGEW7RCTb6czFXYAa3MxbXu3u8/dcI=
+github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240825043811-96c531f5bd83/go.mod h1:n2NbB/F4d9wOXFzC7FT1ipERidmYWC5I4YNOYRs5N7I=
 github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0 h1:5J4U0kXF+pv/DhiXt5/lTz0eO5ogJ1iXb8Yj1yReDqE=
 github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0/go.mod h1:hTTBTvVYWKBuxPr7peweneWdkUwEuHuB3C1R/ielR1A=
 github.com/ebitengine/oto/v3 v3.3.0-alpha.4 h1:w9SD7kK4GgJULkh5pWVTToMA5Ia1bP7VxD4rIjQqb8M=
 github.com/ebitengine/oto/v3 v3.3.0-alpha.4/go.mod h1:B+Sz3hzZXcx251YqSPIj+cVMicvlx7Xiq29AEUIbc7E=
-github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.8.0-alpha.4 h1:Dg9xRGC3giyQedfISyHH94eQM0md4a84+HHr7KBBH/Q=
+github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.8.0-alpha.5 h1:M0+PSgsdVNczTB8ijX89HmYqCfb2HUuBEx4A+wNuHto=
-github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.8.0-alpha.4/go.mod h1:SQ56/omnSL8DdaBSKswoBvsMjgaWQyxyeMtb48sOskI=
+github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.8.0-alpha.5/go.mod h1:SQ56/omnSL8DdaBSKswoBvsMjgaWQyxyeMtb48sOskI=
 github.com/gen2brain/mpeg v0.3.2-0.20240412154320-a2ac4fc8a46f h1:ysqRe+lvUiL0dH5XzkH0Bz68bFMPJ4f5Si4L/HD9SGk=
 github.com/gen2brain/mpeg v0.3.2-0.20240412154320-a2ac4fc8a46f/go.mod h1:i/ebyRRv/IoHixuZ9bElZnXbmfoUVPGQpdsJ4sVuX38=
 github.com/go-text/typesetting v0.1.1 h1:bGAesCuo85nXnEN5LmFMVGAGpGkCPtHrZLi//qD7EJo=

image.go

@@ -295,6 +295,16 @@ type Vertex struct {
 	ColorG float32
 	ColorB float32
 	ColorA float32
+
+	// Custom0/Custom1/Custom2/Custom3 represents general-purpose values passed to the shader.
+	// In order to use them, Fragment must have an additional vec4 argument.
+	//
+	// These values are valid only when DrawTrianglesShader is used.
+	// In other cases, these values are ignored.
+	Custom0 float32
+	Custom1 float32
+	Custom2 float32
+	Custom3 float32
 }
 
 var _ [0]byte = [unsafe.Sizeof(Vertex{}) - unsafe.Sizeof(float32(0))*graphics.VertexFloatCount]byte{}
@@ -668,6 +678,10 @@ func (i *Image) DrawTrianglesShader(vertices []Vertex, indices []uint16, shader
 		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+5] = v.ColorG
 		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+6] = v.ColorB
 		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+7] = v.ColorA
+		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+8] = v.Custom0
+		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+9] = v.Custom1
+		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+10] = v.Custom2
+		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+11] = v.Custom3
 	}
 
 	is := i.ensureTmpIndices(len(indices))

internal/builtinshader/shader.go

@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ var ScreenShaderSource = []byte(`//kage:unit pixels
 
 package main
 
-func Fragment(dstPos vec4, srcPos vec2, color vec4) vec4 {
+func Fragment(dstPos vec4, srcPos vec2) vec4 {
 	// Blend source colors in a square region, which size is 1/scale.
 	scale := imageDstSize()/imageSrc0Size()
 	pos := srcPos
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ var ClearShaderSource = []byte(`//kage:unit pixels
 
 package main
 
-func Fragment(dstPos vec4, srcPos vec2, color vec4) vec4 {
+func Fragment() vec4 {
 	return vec4(0)
 }
 `)

internal/graphics/shader.go

@@ -154,8 +154,8 @@ func imageSrc%[1]dAt(pos vec2) vec4 {
 	shaderSuffix += `
 var __projectionMatrix mat4
 
-func __vertex(dstPos vec2, srcPos vec2, color vec4) (vec4, vec2, vec4) {
+func __vertex(dstPos vec2, srcPos vec2, color vec4, custom vec4) (vec4, vec2, vec4, vec4) {
-	return __projectionMatrix * vec4(dstPos, 0, 1), srcPos, color
+	return __projectionMatrix * vec4(dstPos, 0, 1), srcPos, color, custom
 }
 `
 	return shaderSuffix, nil

internal/graphics/vertex.go

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ const (
 )
 
 const (
-	VertexFloatCount = 8
+	VertexFloatCount = 12
 )
 
 var (

internal/graphicsdriver/directx/graphics11_windows.go

@@ -27,34 +27,56 @@ import (
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/internal/shaderir/hlsl"
 )
 
-var inputElementDescsForDX11 = []_D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC{
+var inputElementDescsForDX11 []_D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC
-	{
+
-		SemanticName:         &([]byte("POSITION\000"))[0],
+func init() {
-		SemanticIndex:        0,
+	inputElementDescsForDX11 = []_D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC{
-		Format:               _DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT,
+		{
-		InputSlot:            0,
+			SemanticName:         &([]byte("POSITION\000"))[0],
-		AlignedByteOffset:    _D3D11_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT,
+			SemanticIndex:        0,
-		InputSlotClass:       _D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
+			Format:               _DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT,
-		InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
+			InputSlot:            0,
-	},
+			AlignedByteOffset:    _D3D11_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT,
-	{
+			InputSlotClass:       _D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
-		SemanticName:         &([]byte("TEXCOORD\000"))[0],
+			InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
-		SemanticIndex:        0,
+		},
-		Format:               _DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT,
+		{
-		InputSlot:            0,
+			SemanticName:         &([]byte("TEXCOORD\000"))[0],
-		AlignedByteOffset:    _D3D11_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT,
+			SemanticIndex:        0,
-		InputSlotClass:       _D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
+			Format:               _DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT,
-		InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
+			InputSlot:            0,
-	},
+			AlignedByteOffset:    _D3D11_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT,
-	{
+			InputSlotClass:       _D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
-		SemanticName:         &([]byte("COLOR\000"))[0],
+			InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
-		SemanticIndex:        0,
+		},
-		Format:               _DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,
+		{
-		InputSlot:            0,
+			SemanticName:         &([]byte("COLOR\000"))[0],
-		AlignedByteOffset:    _D3D11_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT,
+			SemanticIndex:        0,
-		InputSlotClass:       _D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
+			Format:               _DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,
-		InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
+			InputSlot:            0,
-	},
+			AlignedByteOffset:    _D3D11_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT,
+			InputSlotClass:       _D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
+			InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
+		},
+	}
+	diff := graphics.VertexFloatCount - 8
+	if diff == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	if diff%4 != 0 {
+		panic("directx: unexpected attribute layout")
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < diff/4; i++ {
+		inputElementDescsForDX11 = append(inputElementDescsForDX11, _D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC{
+			SemanticName:         &([]byte("COLOR\000"))[0],
+			SemanticIndex:        uint32(i) + 1,
+			Format:               _DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,
+			InputSlot:            0,
+			AlignedByteOffset:    _D3D11_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT,
+			InputSlotClass:       _D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
+			InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
+		})
+	}
 }
 
 func blendFactorToBlend11(f graphicsdriver.BlendFactor, alpha bool) _D3D11_BLEND {

internal/graphicsdriver/directx/pipeline12_windows.go

@@ -23,34 +23,56 @@ import (
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/internal/graphicsdriver"
 )
 
-var inputElementDescsForDX12 = []_D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC{
+var inputElementDescsForDX12 []_D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC
-	{
+
-		SemanticName:         &([]byte("POSITION\000"))[0],
+func init() {
-		SemanticIndex:        0,
+	inputElementDescsForDX12 = []_D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC{
-		Format:               _DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT,
+		{
-		InputSlot:            0,
+			SemanticName:         &([]byte("POSITION\000"))[0],
-		AlignedByteOffset:    _D3D12_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT,
+			SemanticIndex:        0,
-		InputSlotClass:       _D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
+			Format:               _DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT,
-		InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
+			InputSlot:            0,
-	},
+			AlignedByteOffset:    _D3D12_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT,
-	{
+			InputSlotClass:       _D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
-		SemanticName:         &([]byte("TEXCOORD\000"))[0],
+			InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
-		SemanticIndex:        0,
+		},
-		Format:               _DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT,
+		{
-		InputSlot:            0,
+			SemanticName:         &([]byte("TEXCOORD\000"))[0],
-		AlignedByteOffset:    _D3D12_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT,
+			SemanticIndex:        0,
-		InputSlotClass:       _D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
+			Format:               _DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT,
-		InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
+			InputSlot:            0,
-	},
+			AlignedByteOffset:    _D3D12_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT,
-	{
+			InputSlotClass:       _D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
-		SemanticName:         &([]byte("COLOR\000"))[0],
+			InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
-		SemanticIndex:        0,
+		},
-		Format:               _DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,
+		{
-		InputSlot:            0,
+			SemanticName:         &([]byte("COLOR\000"))[0],
-		AlignedByteOffset:    _D3D12_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT,
+			SemanticIndex:        0,
-		InputSlotClass:       _D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
+			Format:               _DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,
-		InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
+			InputSlot:            0,
-	},
+			AlignedByteOffset:    _D3D12_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT,
+			InputSlotClass:       _D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
+			InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
+		},
+	}
+	diff := graphics.VertexFloatCount - 8
+	if diff == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	if diff%4 != 0 {
+		panic("directx: unexpected attribute layout")
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < diff/4; i++ {
+		inputElementDescsForDX12 = append(inputElementDescsForDX12, _D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC{
+			SemanticName:         &([]byte("COLOR\000"))[0],
+			SemanticIndex:        uint32(i) + 1,
+			Format:               _DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,
+			InputSlot:            0,
+			AlignedByteOffset:    _D3D12_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT,
+			InputSlotClass:       _D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
+			InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
+		})
+	}
 }
 
 const numDescriptorsPerFrame = 32

internal/graphicsdriver/directx/shader_windows.go

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func compileShader(program *shaderir.Program) (vsh, psh *_ID3DBlob, ferr error)
 		return vsh, psh, nil
 	}
 
-	vs, ps := hlsl.Compile(program)
+	vs, ps, _ := hlsl.Compile(program)
 	var flag uint32 = uint32(_D3DCOMPILE_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL3)
 
 	var wg errgroup.Group

internal/graphicsdriver/opengl/program.go

@@ -66,6 +66,11 @@ func (a *arrayBufferLayout) float32Count() int {
 	return a.total
 }
 
+func (a *arrayBufferLayout) addPart(part arrayBufferLayoutPart) {
+	a.parts = append(a.parts, part)
+	a.total = 0
+}
+
 // enable starts using the array buffer.
 func (a *arrayBufferLayout) enable(context *context) {
 	for i := range a.parts {
@@ -109,17 +114,17 @@ func init() {
 		},
 	}
 	n := theArrayBufferLayout.float32Count()
-	if n > graphics.VertexFloatCount {
+	diff := graphics.VertexFloatCount - n
-		panic("opengl: the array buffer layout is too large")
+	if diff == 0 {
+		return
 	}
-	if n < graphics.VertexFloatCount {
+	if diff%4 != 0 {
-		d := graphics.VertexFloatCount - n
+		panic("opengl: unexpected attribute layout")
-		if d > 4 {
+	}
-			panic("opengl: the array buffer layout is too small")
+	for i := 0; i < diff/4; i++ {
-		}
+		theArrayBufferLayout.addPart(arrayBufferLayoutPart{
-		theArrayBufferLayout.parts = append(theArrayBufferLayout.parts, arrayBufferLayoutPart{
+			name: fmt.Sprintf("A%d", i+3),
-			name: "A3",
+			num:  4,
-			num:  d,
 		})
 	}
 }

internal/shader/shader.go

@@ -290,8 +290,11 @@ func (cs *compileState) parse(f *ast.File) {
 
 	// Parse function names so that any other function call the others.
 	// The function data is provisional and will be updated soon.
-	var vertexOutParams []shaderir.Type
+	var vertexInParams []variable
-	var fragmentInParams []shaderir.Type
+	var vertexOutParams []variable
+	var fragmentInParams []variable
+	var fragmentOutParams []variable
+	var fragmentReturnType shaderir.Type
 	for _, d := range f.Decls {
 		fd, ok := d.(*ast.FuncDecl)
 		if !ok {
@@ -307,6 +310,19 @@ func (cs *compileState) parse(f *ast.File) {
 		}
 
 		inParams, outParams, ret := cs.parseFuncParams(&cs.global, n, fd)
+
+		if n == cs.vertexEntry {
+			vertexInParams = inParams
+			vertexOutParams = outParams
+			continue
+		}
+		if n == cs.fragmentEntry {
+			fragmentInParams = inParams
+			fragmentOutParams = outParams
+			fragmentReturnType = ret
+			continue
+		}
+
 		var inT, outT []shaderir.Type
 		for _, v := range inParams {
 			inT = append(inT, v.typ)
@@ -314,16 +330,6 @@ func (cs *compileState) parse(f *ast.File) {
 		for _, v := range outParams {
 			outT = append(outT, v.typ)
 		}
-
-		if n == cs.vertexEntry {
-			vertexOutParams = outT
-			continue
-		}
-		if n == cs.fragmentEntry {
-			fragmentInParams = inT
-			continue
-		}
-
 		cs.funcs = append(cs.funcs, function{
 			name: n,
 			ir: shaderir.Func{
@@ -339,21 +345,40 @@ func (cs *compileState) parse(f *ast.File) {
 	// Check varying variables.
 	// In testings, there might not be vertex and fragment entry points.
 	if len(vertexOutParams) > 0 && len(fragmentInParams) > 0 {
-		if len(vertexOutParams) != len(fragmentInParams) {
+		for i, p := range vertexOutParams {
-			cs.addError(0, "the number of vertex entry point's returning values and the number of fragment entry point's params must be the same")
+			if len(fragmentInParams) <= i {
-		}
+				break
-		for i, t := range vertexOutParams {
-			if !t.Equal(&fragmentInParams[i]) {
-				cs.addError(0, "vertex entry point's returning value types and fragment entry point's param types must match")
 			}
+			t := fragmentInParams[i].typ
+			if !p.typ.Equal(&t) {
+				name := fragmentInParams[i].name
+				cs.addError(0, fmt.Sprintf("fragment argument %s must be %s but was %s", name, p.typ.String(), t.String()))
+			}
+		}
+
+		// The first out-param is treated as gl_Position in GLSL.
+		if vertexOutParams[0].typ.Main != shaderir.Vec4 {
+			cs.addError(0, "vertex entry point must have at least one returning vec4 value for a position")
+		}
+		if len(fragmentOutParams) != 0 || fragmentReturnType.Main != shaderir.Vec4 {
+			cs.addError(0, "fragment entry point must have one returning vec4 value for a color")
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Set varying veraibles.
+	if len(cs.errs) > 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Set attribute and varying veraibles.
+	for _, p := range vertexInParams {
+		cs.ir.Attributes = append(cs.ir.Attributes, p.typ)
+	}
 	if len(vertexOutParams) > 0 {
 		// TODO: Check that these params are not arrays or structs
 		// The 0th argument is a special variable for position and is not included in varying variables.
-		cs.ir.Varyings = append(cs.ir.Varyings, vertexOutParams[1:]...)
+		for _, p := range vertexOutParams[1:] {
+			cs.ir.Varyings = append(cs.ir.Varyings, p.typ)
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Parse functions.
@@ -766,7 +791,13 @@ func (cs *compileState) parseFuncParams(block *block, fname string, d *ast.FuncD
 
 	// If there is only one returning value, it is treated as a returning value.
 	// An array cannot be a returning value, especially for HLSL (#2923).
-	if len(out) == 1 && out[0].name == "" && out[0].typ.Main != shaderir.Array {
+	//
+	// For the vertex entry, a parameter (variable) is used as a returning value.
+	// For example, GLSL doesn't treat gl_Position as a returning value.
+	// Thus, the returning value is not set for the vertex entry.
+	// TODO: This can be resolved by having an indirect function like what the fragment entry already does.
+	// See internal/shaderir/glsl.adjustProgram.
+	if len(out) == 1 && out[0].name == "" && out[0].typ.Main != shaderir.Array && fname != cs.vertexEntry {
 		ret = out[0].typ
 		out = nil
 	}
@@ -789,47 +820,25 @@ func (cs *compileState) parseFunc(block *block, d *ast.FuncDecl) (function, bool
 	}
 
 	inParams, outParams, returnType := cs.parseFuncParams(block, d.Name.Name, d)
-
+	if d.Name.Name == cs.fragmentEntry {
-	if block == &cs.global {
+		if len(inParams) == 0 {
-		switch d.Name.Name {
+			inParams = append(inParams, variable{
-		case cs.vertexEntry:
+				name: "_",
-			for _, v := range inParams {
+				typ:  shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Vec4},
-				cs.ir.Attributes = append(cs.ir.Attributes, v.typ)
+			})
-			}
+		}
-
+		// The 0th inParams is a special variable for position and is not included in varying variables.
-			// For the vertex entry, a parameter (variable) is used as a returning value.
+		if diff := len(cs.ir.Varyings) - (len(inParams) - 1); diff > 0 {
-			// For example, GLSL doesn't treat gl_Position as a returning value.
+			// inParams is not enough when the vertex shader has more returning values than the fragment shader's arguments.
-			// TODO: This can be resolved by having an indirect function like what the fragment entry already does.
+			orig := len(inParams) - 1
-			// See internal/shaderir/glsl.adjustProgram.
+			for i := 0; i < diff; i++ {
-			if len(outParams) == 0 {
+				inParams = append(inParams, variable{
-				outParams = append(outParams, variable{
+					name: "_",
-					typ: shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Vec4},
+					typ:  cs.ir.Varyings[orig+i],
 				})
 			}
-
-			// The first out-param is treated as gl_Position in GLSL.
-			if outParams[0].typ.Main != shaderir.Vec4 {
-				cs.addError(d.Pos(), "vertex entry point must have at least one returning vec4 value for a position")
-				return function{}, false
-			}
-
-		case cs.fragmentEntry:
-			if len(inParams) == 0 {
-				cs.addError(d.Pos(), "fragment entry point must have at least one vec4 parameter for a position")
-				return function{}, false
-			}
-			if inParams[0].typ.Main != shaderir.Vec4 {
-				cs.addError(d.Pos(), "fragment entry point must have at least one vec4 parameter for a position")
-				return function{}, false
-			}
-
-			if len(outParams) != 0 || returnType.Main != shaderir.Vec4 {
-				cs.addError(d.Pos(), "fragment entry point must have one returning vec4 value for a color")
-				return function{}, false
-			}
 		}
 	}
-
 	b, ok := cs.parseBlock(block, d.Name.Name, d.Body.List, inParams, outParams, returnType, true)
 	if !ok {
 		return function{}, false

internal/shader/shader_test.go

@@ -31,32 +31,24 @@ import (
 
 func glslVertexNormalize(str string) string {
 	p := glsl.VertexPrelude(glsl.GLSLVersionDefault)
-	if strings.HasPrefix(str, p) {
+	str = strings.TrimPrefix(str, p)
-		str = str[len(p):]
-	}
 	return strings.TrimSpace(str)
 }
 
 func glslFragmentNormalize(str string) string {
 	p := glsl.FragmentPrelude(glsl.GLSLVersionDefault)
-	if strings.HasPrefix(str, p) {
+	str = strings.TrimPrefix(str, p)
-		str = str[len(p):]
-	}
 	return strings.TrimSpace(str)
 }
 
-func hlslNormalize(str string) string {
+func hlslNormalize(str string, prelude string) string {
-	if strings.HasPrefix(str, hlsl.Prelude) {
+	str = strings.TrimPrefix(str, prelude)
-		str = str[len(hlsl.Prelude):]
-	}
 	return strings.TrimSpace(str)
 }
 
 func metalNormalize(str string) string {
 	prelude := msl.Prelude(shaderir.Texels)
-	if strings.HasPrefix(str, prelude) {
+	str = strings.TrimPrefix(str, prelude)
-		str = str[len(prelude):]
-	}
 	return strings.TrimSpace(str)
 }
 
@@ -188,8 +180,8 @@ func TestCompile(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			if tc.HLSL != nil {
-				vs, _ := hlsl.Compile(s)
+				vs, _, prelude := hlsl.Compile(s)
-				if got, want := hlslNormalize(vs), hlslNormalize(string(tc.HLSL)); got != want {
+				if got, want := hlslNormalize(vs, prelude), hlslNormalize(string(tc.HLSL), prelude); got != want {
 					compare(t, "HLSL", got, want)
 				}
 			}

internal/shader/testdata/vertex.expected.hlsl

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ cbuffer Uniforms : register(b0) {
 	float2 U0 : packoffset(c0);
 }
 
-Varyings VSMain(float2 A0 : POSITION, float2 A1 : TEXCOORD, float4 A2 : COLOR) {
+Varyings VSMain(float2 A0 : POSITION, float2 A1 : TEXCOORD, float4 A2 : COLOR0) {
 	Varyings varyings;
 	float4x4 l0 = 0.0;
 	varyings.Position = 0.0;

internal/shaderir/hlsl/hlsl.go

@@ -52,13 +52,7 @@ func (c *compileContext) structName(p *shaderir.Program, t *shaderir.Type) strin
 	return n
 }
 
-const Prelude = `struct Varyings {
+const utilFuncs = `float mod(float x, float y) {
-	float4 Position : SV_POSITION;
-	float2 M0 : TEXCOORD0;
-	float4 M1 : COLOR;
-};
-
-float mod(float x, float y) {
 	return x - y * floor(x/y);
 }
 
@@ -86,7 +80,7 @@ float4x4 float4x4FromScalar(float x) {
 	return float4x4(x, 0, 0, 0, 0, x, 0, 0, 0, 0, x, 0, 0, 0, 0, x);
 }`
 
-func Compile(p *shaderir.Program) (vertexShader, pixelShader string) {
+func Compile(p *shaderir.Program) (vertexShader, pixelShader, prelude string) {
 	offsets := CalcUniformMemoryOffsets(p)
 
 	c := &compileContext{
@@ -94,7 +88,30 @@ func Compile(p *shaderir.Program) (vertexShader, pixelShader string) {
 	}
 
 	var lines []string
-	lines = append(lines, strings.Split(Prelude, "\n")...)
+	lines = append(lines, strings.Split(utilFuncs, "\n")...)
+
+	lines = append(lines, "", "struct Varyings {")
+	lines = append(lines, "\tfloat4 Position : SV_POSITION;")
+	if len(p.Varyings) > 0 {
+		for i, v := range p.Varyings {
+			switch i {
+			case 0:
+				lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("\tfloat2 M%d : TEXCOORD;", i))
+			case 1:
+				lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("\tfloat4 M%d : COLOR0;", i))
+			default:
+				// Use COLOR[n] as a general purpose varying.
+				if v.Main != shaderir.Vec4 {
+					lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("\t?(unexpected type: %s) M%d : COLOR%d;", v, i, i-1))
+				} else {
+					lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("\tfloat4 M%d : COLOR%d;", i, i-1))
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	lines = append(lines, "};")
+	prelude = strings.Join(lines, "\n")
+
 	lines = append(lines, "", "{{.Structs}}")
 
 	if len(p.Uniforms) > 0 {
@@ -156,7 +173,25 @@ func Compile(p *shaderir.Program) (vertexShader, pixelShader string) {
 	}
 	if p.VertexFunc.Block != nil && len(p.VertexFunc.Block.Stmts) > 0 {
 		vslines = append(vslines, "")
-		vslines = append(vslines, "Varyings VSMain(float2 A0 : POSITION, float2 A1 : TEXCOORD, float4 A2 : COLOR) {")
+		var args []string
+		for i, a := range p.Attributes {
+			switch i {
+			case 0:
+				args = append(args, fmt.Sprintf("float2 A%d : POSITION", i))
+			case 1:
+				args = append(args, fmt.Sprintf("float2 A%d : TEXCOORD", i))
+			case 2:
+				args = append(args, fmt.Sprintf("float4 A%d : COLOR0", i))
+			default:
+				// Use COLOR[n] as a general purpose varying.
+				if a.Main != shaderir.Vec4 {
+					args = append(args, fmt.Sprintf("?(unexpected type: %s) A%d : COLOR%d", a, i, i-2))
+				} else {
+					args = append(args, fmt.Sprintf("float4 A%d : COLOR%d", i, i-2))
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		vslines = append(vslines, "Varyings VSMain("+strings.Join(args, ", ")+") {")
 		vslines = append(vslines, fmt.Sprintf("\tVaryings %s;", vsOut))
 		vslines = append(vslines, c.block(p, p.VertexFunc.Block, p.VertexFunc.Block, 0)...)
 		if last := fmt.Sprintf("\treturn %s;", vsOut); vslines[len(vslines)-1] != last {

shader_test.go

@@ -2595,3 +2595,193 @@ func Fragment(dstPos vec4, srcPos vec2, color vec4) vec4 {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestShaderCustomValues(t *testing.T) {
+	const w, h = 16, 16
+
+	dst := ebiten.NewImage(w, h)
+	s, err := ebiten.NewShader([]byte(`//kage:unit pixels
+
+package main
+
+func Fragment(dstPos vec4, srcPos vec2, color vec4, custom vec4) vec4 {
+	return custom
+}
+`))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	clr := color.RGBA{R: 0x10, G: 0x20, B: 0x30, A: 0x40}
+	dst.DrawTrianglesShader([]ebiten.Vertex{
+		{
+			DstX:    0,
+			DstY:    0,
+			SrcX:    0,
+			SrcY:    0,
+			ColorR:  1,
+			ColorG:  1,
+			ColorB:  1,
+			ColorA:  1,
+			Custom0: float32(clr.R) / 0xff,
+			Custom1: float32(clr.G) / 0xff,
+			Custom2: float32(clr.B) / 0xff,
+			Custom3: float32(clr.A) / 0xff,
+		},
+		{
+			DstX:    w,
+			DstY:    0,
+			SrcX:    w,
+			SrcY:    0,
+			ColorR:  1,
+			ColorG:  1,
+			ColorB:  1,
+			ColorA:  1,
+			Custom0: float32(clr.R) / 0xff,
+			Custom1: float32(clr.G) / 0xff,
+			Custom2: float32(clr.B) / 0xff,
+			Custom3: float32(clr.A) / 0xff,
+		},
+		{
+			DstX:    0,
+			DstY:    h,
+			SrcX:    0,
+			SrcY:    h,
+			ColorR:  1,
+			ColorG:  1,
+			ColorB:  1,
+			ColorA:  1,
+			Custom0: float32(clr.R) / 0xff,
+			Custom1: float32(clr.G) / 0xff,
+			Custom2: float32(clr.B) / 0xff,
+			Custom3: float32(clr.A) / 0xff,
+		},
+		{
+			DstX:    w,
+			DstY:    h,
+			SrcX:    w,
+			SrcY:    h,
+			ColorR:  1,
+			ColorG:  1,
+			ColorB:  1,
+			ColorA:  1,
+			Custom0: float32(clr.R) / 0xff,
+			Custom1: float32(clr.G) / 0xff,
+			Custom2: float32(clr.B) / 0xff,
+			Custom3: float32(clr.A) / 0xff,
+		},
+	}, []uint16{0, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3}, s, nil)
+
+	for j := 0; j < h; j++ {
+		for i := 0; i < w; i++ {
+			got := dst.At(i, j).(color.RGBA)
+			want := clr
+			if !sameColors(got, want, 2) {
+				t.Errorf("dst.At(%d, %d): got: %v, want: %v", i, j, got, want)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestShaderFragmentLessArguments(t *testing.T) {
+	const w, h = 16, 16
+
+	s0, err := ebiten.NewShader([]byte(`//kage:unit pixels
+
+package main
+
+func Fragment() vec4 {
+	return vec4(1, 0, 0, 1)
+}
+`))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	s1, err := ebiten.NewShader([]byte(`//kage:unit pixels
+
+package main
+
+func Fragment(dstPos vec4) vec4 {
+	return vec4(0, 1, 0, 1)
+}
+`))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	s2, err := ebiten.NewShader([]byte(`//kage:unit pixels
+
+package main
+
+func Fragment(dstPos vec4, srcPos vec2) vec4 {
+	return vec4(0, 0, 1, 1)
+}
+`))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	dst := ebiten.NewImage(w, h)
+	for idx, s := range []*ebiten.Shader{s0, s1, s2} {
+		dst.Clear()
+		dst.DrawTrianglesShader([]ebiten.Vertex{
+			{
+				DstX:   0,
+				DstY:   0,
+				SrcX:   0,
+				SrcY:   0,
+				ColorR: 1,
+				ColorG: 1,
+				ColorB: 1,
+				ColorA: 1,
+			},
+			{
+				DstX:   w,
+				DstY:   0,
+				SrcX:   w,
+				SrcY:   0,
+				ColorR: 1,
+				ColorG: 1,
+				ColorB: 1,
+				ColorA: 1,
+			},
+			{
+				DstX:   0,
+				DstY:   h,
+				SrcX:   0,
+				SrcY:   h,
+				ColorR: 1,
+				ColorG: 1,
+				ColorB: 1,
+				ColorA: 1,
+			},
+			{
+				DstX:   w,
+				DstY:   h,
+				SrcX:   w,
+				SrcY:   h,
+				ColorR: 1,
+				ColorG: 1,
+				ColorB: 1,
+				ColorA: 1,
+			},
+		}, []uint16{0, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3}, s, nil)
+
+		for j := 0; j < h; j++ {
+			for i := 0; i < w; i++ {
+				got := dst.At(i, j).(color.RGBA)
+				var want color.RGBA
+				switch idx {
+				case 0:
+					want = color.RGBA{R: 0xff, A: 0xff}
+				case 1:
+					want = color.RGBA{G: 0xff, A: 0xff}
+				case 2:
+					want = color.RGBA{B: 0xff, A: 0xff}
+				}
+				if !sameColors(got, want, 2) {
+					t.Errorf("dst.At(%d, %d): got: %v, want: %v", i, j, got, want)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

text/v2/atlas.go

@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Ebitengine Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package text
+
+import (
+	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
+	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/internal/packing"
+)
+
+type glyphAtlas struct {
+	page  *packing.Page
+	image *ebiten.Image
+}
+
+type glyphImage struct {
+	atlas *glyphAtlas
+	node  *packing.Node
+	img   *ebiten.Image
+}
+
+func (i *glyphImage) Image() *ebiten.Image {
+	return i.img
+}
+
+func newGlyphAtlas() *glyphAtlas {
+	return &glyphAtlas{
+		// Note: 128x128 is arbitrary, maybe a better value can be inferred
+		// from the font size or something
+		page:  packing.NewPage(128, 128, 1024), // TODO: not 1024
+		image: ebiten.NewImage(128, 128),
+	}
+}
+
+func (g *glyphAtlas) NewImage(w, h int) *glyphImage {
+	n := g.page.Alloc(w, h)
+	pw, ph := g.page.Size()
+	if pw > g.image.Bounds().Dx() || ph > g.image.Bounds().Dy() {
+		newImage := ebiten.NewImage(pw, ph)
+		newImage.DrawImage(g.image, nil)
+		g.image = newImage
+	}
+
+	return &glyphImage{
+		atlas: g,
+		node:  n,
+		img:   g.image.SubImage(n.Region()).(*ebiten.Image),
+	}
+}
+
+func (g *glyphAtlas) Free(img *glyphImage) {
+	g.page.Free(img.node)
+}
+
+type drawRange struct {
+	atlas *glyphAtlas
+	end   int
+}
+
+// drawList stores triangle versions of DrawImage calls when
+// all images are sub-images of an atlas.
+// Temporary vertices and indices can be re-used after calling
+// Flush, so it is more efficient to keep a reference to a drawList
+// instead of creating a new one every frame.
+type drawList struct {
+	ranges []drawRange
+	vx     []ebiten.Vertex
+	ix     []uint16
+}
+
+// drawCommand is the equivalent of the regular DrawImageOptions
+// but only including options that will not break batching.
+// Filter, Address, Blend and AntiAlias are determined at Flush()
+type drawCommand struct {
+	Image *glyphImage
+
+	ColorScale ebiten.ColorScale
+	GeoM       ebiten.GeoM
+}
+
+var rectIndices = [6]uint16{0, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3}
+
+type point struct {
+	X, Y float32
+}
+
+func pt(x, y float64) point {
+	return point{
+		X: float32(x),
+		Y: float32(y),
+	}
+}
+
+type rectOpts struct {
+	Dsts         [4]point
+	SrcX0, SrcY0 float32
+	SrcX1, SrcY1 float32
+	R, G, B, A   float32
+}
+
+// adjustDestinationPixel is the original ebitengine implementation found here:
+// https://github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/blob/v2.8.0-alpha.1/internal/graphics/vertex.go#L102-L126
+func adjustDestinationPixel(x float32) float32 {
+	// Avoid the center of the pixel, which is problematic (#929, #1171).
+	// Instead, align the vertices with about 1/3 pixels.
+	//
+	// The intention here is roughly this code:
+	//
+	//     float32(math.Floor((float64(x)+1.0/6.0)*3) / 3)
+	//
+	// The actual implementation is more optimized than the above implementation.
+	ix := float32(int(x))
+	if x < 0 && x != ix {
+		ix -= 1
+	}
+	frac := x - ix
+	switch {
+	case frac < 3.0/16.0:
+		return ix
+	case frac < 8.0/16.0:
+		return ix + 5.0/16.0
+	case frac < 13.0/16.0:
+		return ix + 11.0/16.0
+	default:
+		return ix + 16.0/16.0
+	}
+}
+
+func appendRectVerticesIndices(vertices []ebiten.Vertex, indices []uint16, index int, opts *rectOpts) ([]ebiten.Vertex, []uint16) {
+	sx0, sy0, sx1, sy1 := opts.SrcX0, opts.SrcY0, opts.SrcX1, opts.SrcY1
+	r, g, b, a := opts.R, opts.G, opts.B, opts.A
+	vertices = append(vertices,
+		ebiten.Vertex{
+			DstX:   adjustDestinationPixel(opts.Dsts[0].X),
+			DstY:   adjustDestinationPixel(opts.Dsts[0].Y),
+			SrcX:   sx0,
+			SrcY:   sy0,
+			ColorR: r,
+			ColorG: g,
+			ColorB: b,
+			ColorA: a,
+		},
+		ebiten.Vertex{
+			DstX:   adjustDestinationPixel(opts.Dsts[1].X),
+			DstY:   adjustDestinationPixel(opts.Dsts[1].Y),
+			SrcX:   sx1,
+			SrcY:   sy0,
+			ColorR: r,
+			ColorG: g,
+			ColorB: b,
+			ColorA: a,
+		},
+		ebiten.Vertex{
+			DstX:   adjustDestinationPixel(opts.Dsts[2].X),
+			DstY:   adjustDestinationPixel(opts.Dsts[2].Y),
+			SrcX:   sx0,
+			SrcY:   sy1,
+			ColorR: r,
+			ColorG: g,
+			ColorB: b,
+			ColorA: a,
+		},
+		ebiten.Vertex{
+			DstX:   adjustDestinationPixel(opts.Dsts[3].X),
+			DstY:   adjustDestinationPixel(opts.Dsts[3].Y),
+			SrcX:   sx1,
+			SrcY:   sy1,
+			ColorR: r,
+			ColorG: g,
+			ColorB: b,
+			ColorA: a,
+		},
+	)
+
+	indiceCursor := uint16(index * 4)
+	indices = append(indices,
+		rectIndices[0]+indiceCursor,
+		rectIndices[1]+indiceCursor,
+		rectIndices[2]+indiceCursor,
+		rectIndices[3]+indiceCursor,
+		rectIndices[4]+indiceCursor,
+		rectIndices[5]+indiceCursor,
+	)
+
+	return vertices, indices
+}
+
+// Add adds DrawImage commands to the DrawList, images from multiple
+// atlases can be added but they will break the previous batch bound to
+// a different atlas, requiring an additional draw call internally.
+// So, it is better to have the maximum of consecutive DrawCommand images
+// sharing the same atlas.
+func (dl *drawList) Add(commands ...*drawCommand) {
+	if len(commands) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var batch *drawRange
+
+	if len(dl.ranges) > 0 {
+		batch = &dl.ranges[len(dl.ranges)-1]
+	} else {
+		dl.ranges = append(dl.ranges, drawRange{
+			atlas: commands[0].Image.atlas,
+		})
+		batch = &dl.ranges[0]
+	}
+	// Add vertices and indices
+	opts := &rectOpts{}
+	for _, cmd := range commands {
+		if cmd.Image.atlas != batch.atlas {
+			dl.ranges = append(dl.ranges, drawRange{
+				atlas: cmd.Image.atlas,
+			})
+			batch = &dl.ranges[len(dl.ranges)-1]
+		}
+
+		// Dst attributes
+		bounds := cmd.Image.node.Region()
+		opts.Dsts[0] = pt(cmd.GeoM.Apply(0, 0))
+		opts.Dsts[1] = pt(cmd.GeoM.Apply(
+			float64(bounds.Dx()), 0,
+		))
+		opts.Dsts[2] = pt(cmd.GeoM.Apply(
+			0, float64(bounds.Dy()),
+		))
+		opts.Dsts[3] = pt(cmd.GeoM.Apply(
+			float64(bounds.Dx()), float64(bounds.Dy()),
+		))
+
+		// Color and source attributes
+		opts.R = cmd.ColorScale.R()
+		opts.G = cmd.ColorScale.G()
+		opts.B = cmd.ColorScale.B()
+		opts.A = cmd.ColorScale.A()
+		opts.SrcX0 = float32(bounds.Min.X)
+		opts.SrcY0 = float32(bounds.Min.Y)
+		opts.SrcX1 = float32(bounds.Max.X)
+		opts.SrcY1 = float32(bounds.Max.Y)
+
+		dl.vx, dl.ix = appendRectVerticesIndices(
+			dl.vx, dl.ix, batch.end, opts,
+		)
+
+		batch.end++
+	}
+}
+
+// DrawOptions are additional options that will be applied to
+// all draw commands from the draw list when calling Flush().
+type drawOptions struct {
+	ColorScaleMode ebiten.ColorScaleMode
+	Blend          ebiten.Blend
+	Filter         ebiten.Filter
+	Address        ebiten.Address
+	AntiAlias      bool
+}
+
+// Flush executes all the draw commands as the smallest possible
+// amount of draw calls, and then clears the list for next uses.
+func (dl *drawList) Flush(dst *ebiten.Image, opts *drawOptions) {
+	var topts *ebiten.DrawTrianglesOptions
+	if opts != nil {
+		topts = &ebiten.DrawTrianglesOptions{
+			ColorScaleMode: opts.ColorScaleMode,
+			Blend:          opts.Blend,
+			Filter:         opts.Filter,
+			Address:        opts.Address,
+			AntiAlias:      opts.AntiAlias,
+		}
+	}
+	index := 0
+	for _, r := range dl.ranges {
+		dst.DrawTriangles(
+			dl.vx[index*4:(index+r.end)*4],
+			dl.ix[index*6:(index+r.end)*6],
+			r.atlas.image,
+			topts,
+		)
+		index += r.end
+	}
+	// Clear buffers
+	dl.ranges = dl.ranges[:0]
+	dl.vx = dl.vx[:0]
+	dl.ix = dl.ix[:0]
+}

text/v2/glyph.go

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import (
 	"math"
 	"sync"
 
-	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/internal/hook"
 )
 
@@ -38,17 +37,18 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 type glyphImageCacheEntry struct {
-	image *ebiten.Image
+	image *glyphImage
 	atime int64
 }
 
 type glyphImageCache[Key comparable] struct {
+	atlas *glyphAtlas
 	cache map[Key]*glyphImageCacheEntry
 	atime int64
 	m     sync.Mutex
 }
 
-func (g *glyphImageCache[Key]) getOrCreate(face Face, key Key, create func() *ebiten.Image) *ebiten.Image {
+func (g *glyphImageCache[Key]) getOrCreate(face Face, key Key, create func(a *glyphAtlas) *glyphImage) *glyphImage {
 	g.m.Lock()
 	defer g.m.Unlock()
 
@@ -61,10 +61,11 @@ func (g *glyphImageCache[Key]) getOrCreate(face Face, key Key, create func() *eb
 	}
 
 	if g.cache == nil {
+		g.atlas = newGlyphAtlas()
 		g.cache = map[Key]*glyphImageCacheEntry{}
 	}
 
-	img := create()
+	img := create(g.atlas)
 	e = &glyphImageCacheEntry{
 		image: img,
 	}
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ func (g *glyphImageCache[Key]) getOrCreate(face Face, key Key, create func() *eb
 					continue
 				}
 				delete(g.cache, key)
+				g.atlas.Free(e.image)
 			}
 		}
 	}

text/v2/gotext.go

@@ -311,11 +311,16 @@ func (g *GoTextFace) appendGlyphsForLine(glyphs []Glyph, line string, indexOffse
 		img, imgX, imgY := g.glyphImage(glyph, o)
 		// Append a glyph even if img is nil.
 		// This is necessary to return index information for control characters.
+		var ebitenImage *ebiten.Image
+		if img != nil {
+			ebitenImage = img.Image()
+		}
 		glyphs = append(glyphs, Glyph{
+			img:               img,
 			StartIndexInBytes: indexOffset + glyph.startIndex,
 			EndIndexInBytes:   indexOffset + glyph.endIndex,
 			GID:               uint32(glyph.shapingGlyph.GlyphID),
-			Image:             img,
+			Image:             ebitenImage,
 			X:                 float64(imgX),
 			Y:                 float64(imgY),
 			OriginX:           fixed26_6ToFloat64(origin.X),
@@ -332,7 +337,7 @@ func (g *GoTextFace) appendGlyphsForLine(glyphs []Glyph, line string, indexOffse
 	return glyphs
 }
 
-func (g *GoTextFace) glyphImage(glyph glyph, origin fixed.Point26_6) (*ebiten.Image, int, int) {
+func (g *GoTextFace) glyphImage(glyph glyph, origin fixed.Point26_6) (*glyphImage, int, int) {
 	if g.direction().isHorizontal() {
 		origin.X = adjustGranularity(origin.X, g)
 		origin.Y &^= ((1 << 6) - 1)
@@ -352,8 +357,8 @@ func (g *GoTextFace) glyphImage(glyph glyph, origin fixed.Point26_6) (*ebiten.Im
 		yoffset:    subpixelOffset.Y,
 		variations: g.ensureVariationsString(),
 	}
-	img := g.Source.getOrCreateGlyphImage(g, key, func() *ebiten.Image {
+	img := g.Source.getOrCreateGlyphImage(g, key, func(a *glyphAtlas) *glyphImage {
-		return segmentsToImage(glyph.scaledSegments, subpixelOffset, b)
+		return segmentsToImage(a, glyph.scaledSegments, subpixelOffset, b)
 	})
 
 	imgX := (origin.X + b.Min.X).Floor()

text/v2/gotextfacesource.go

@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/opentype/loader"
 	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/shaping"
 	"golang.org/x/image/math/fixed"
-
-	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 )
 
 type goTextOutputCacheKey struct {
@@ -282,7 +280,7 @@ func (g *GoTextFaceSource) scale(size float64) float64 {
 	return size / float64(g.f.Upem())
 }
 
-func (g *GoTextFaceSource) getOrCreateGlyphImage(goTextFace *GoTextFace, key goTextGlyphImageCacheKey, create func() *ebiten.Image) *ebiten.Image {
+func (g *GoTextFaceSource) getOrCreateGlyphImage(goTextFace *GoTextFace, key goTextGlyphImageCacheKey, create func(a *glyphAtlas) *glyphImage) *glyphImage {
 	if g.glyphImageCache == nil {
 		g.glyphImageCache = map[float64]*glyphImageCache[goTextGlyphImageCacheKey]{}
 	}

text/v2/gotextseg.go

@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ import (
 	"image/draw"
 	"math"
 
-	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/opentype/api"
-	"golang.org/x/image/math/fixed"
 	gvector "golang.org/x/image/vector"
 
-	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
+	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/opentype/api"
+	"golang.org/x/image/math/fixed"
+
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/vector"
 )
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func segmentsToBounds(segs []api.Segment) fixed.Rectangle26_6 {
 	}
 }
 
-func segmentsToImage(segs []api.Segment, subpixelOffset fixed.Point26_6, glyphBounds fixed.Rectangle26_6) *ebiten.Image {
+func segmentsToImage(a *glyphAtlas, segs []api.Segment, subpixelOffset fixed.Point26_6, glyphBounds fixed.Rectangle26_6) *glyphImage {
 	if len(segs) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -122,7 +122,10 @@ func segmentsToImage(segs []api.Segment, subpixelOffset fixed.Point26_6, glyphBo
 
 	dst := image.NewRGBA(image.Rect(0, 0, w, h))
 	rast.Draw(dst, dst.Bounds(), image.Opaque, image.Point{})
-	return ebiten.NewImageFromImage(dst)
+	img := a.NewImage(w, h)
+	img.Image().WritePixels(dst.Pix)
+
+	return img
 }
 
 func appendVectorPathFromSegments(path *vector.Path, segs []api.Segment, x, y float32) {

text/v2/gox.go

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/image/font"
 	"golang.org/x/image/math/fixed"
 
-	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/vector"
 )
 
@@ -119,9 +118,10 @@ func (s *GoXFace) appendGlyphsForLine(glyphs []Glyph, line string, indexOffset i
 		// Append a glyph even if img is nil.
 		// This is necessary to return index information for control characters.
 		glyphs = append(glyphs, Glyph{
+			img:               img,
 			StartIndexInBytes: indexOffset + i,
 			EndIndexInBytes:   indexOffset + i + size,
-			Image:             img,
+			Image:             img.Image(),
 			X:                 float64(imgX),
 			Y:                 float64(imgY),
 			OriginX:           fixed26_6ToFloat64(origin.X),
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ func (s *GoXFace) appendGlyphsForLine(glyphs []Glyph, line string, indexOffset i
 	return glyphs
 }
 
-func (s *GoXFace) glyphImage(r rune, origin fixed.Point26_6) (*ebiten.Image, int, int, fixed.Int26_6) {
+func (s *GoXFace) glyphImage(r rune, origin fixed.Point26_6) (*glyphImage, int, int, fixed.Int26_6) {
 	// Assume that GoXFace's direction is always horizontal.
 	origin.X = adjustGranularity(origin.X, s)
 	origin.Y &^= ((1 << 6) - 1)
@@ -150,15 +150,15 @@ func (s *GoXFace) glyphImage(r rune, origin fixed.Point26_6) (*ebiten.Image, int
 		rune:    r,
 		xoffset: subpixelOffset.X,
 	}
-	img := s.glyphImageCache.getOrCreate(s, key, func() *ebiten.Image {
+	img := s.glyphImageCache.getOrCreate(s, key, func(a *glyphAtlas) *glyphImage {
-		return s.glyphImageImpl(r, subpixelOffset, b)
+		return s.glyphImageImpl(a, r, subpixelOffset, b)
 	})
 	imgX := (origin.X + b.Min.X).Floor()
 	imgY := (origin.Y + b.Min.Y).Floor()
 	return img, imgX, imgY, a
 }
 
-func (s *GoXFace) glyphImageImpl(r rune, subpixelOffset fixed.Point26_6, glyphBounds fixed.Rectangle26_6) *ebiten.Image {
+func (s *GoXFace) glyphImageImpl(a *glyphAtlas, r rune, subpixelOffset fixed.Point26_6, glyphBounds fixed.Rectangle26_6) *glyphImage {
 	w, h := (glyphBounds.Max.X - glyphBounds.Min.X).Ceil(), (glyphBounds.Max.Y - glyphBounds.Min.Y).Ceil()
 	if w == 0 || h == 0 {
 		return nil
@@ -182,7 +182,10 @@ func (s *GoXFace) glyphImageImpl(r rune, subpixelOffset fixed.Point26_6, glyphBo
 	}
 	d.DrawString(string(r))
 
-	return ebiten.NewImageFromImage(rgba)
+	img := a.NewImage(w, h)
+	img.Image().WritePixels(rgba.Pix)
+
+	return img
 }
 
 // direction implements Face.

text/v2/layout.go

@@ -111,15 +111,24 @@ func Draw(dst *ebiten.Image, text string, face Face, options *DrawOptions) {
 
 	geoM := drawOp.GeoM
 
+	dl := &drawList{}
+	dc := &drawCommand{}
 	for _, g := range AppendGlyphs(nil, text, face, &layoutOp) {
 		if g.Image == nil {
 			continue
 		}
-		drawOp.GeoM.Reset()
+		dc.GeoM.Reset()
-		drawOp.GeoM.Translate(g.X, g.Y)
+		dc.GeoM.Translate(g.X, g.Y)
-		drawOp.GeoM.Concat(geoM)
+		dc.GeoM.Concat(geoM)
-		dst.DrawImage(g.Image, &drawOp)
+		dc.ColorScale = drawOp.ColorScale
+		dc.Image = g.img
+		dl.Add(dc)
 	}
+	dl.Flush(dst, &drawOptions{
+		Blend:          drawOp.Blend,
+		Filter:         drawOp.Filter,
+		ColorScaleMode: ebiten.ColorScaleModePremultipliedAlpha,
+	})
 }
 
 // AppendGlyphs appends glyphs to the given slice and returns a slice.

text/v2/text.go

@@ -115,6 +115,11 @@ func adjustGranularity(x fixed.Int26_6, face Face) fixed.Int26_6 {
 
 // Glyph represents one glyph to render.
 type Glyph struct {
+	// Image is a rasterized glyph image.
+	// Image is a grayscale image i.e. RGBA values are the same.
+	// Image should be used as a render source and should not be modified.
+	img *glyphImage
+
 	// StartIndexInBytes is the start index in bytes for the given string at AppendGlyphs.
 	StartIndexInBytes int
 

text/v2/text_test.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 package text_test
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"image"
 	"image/color"
 	"regexp"
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/bitmapfont/v3"
 	"golang.org/x/image/font"
+	"golang.org/x/image/font/gofont/goregular"
 	"golang.org/x/image/math/fixed"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
@@ -371,3 +373,23 @@ func TestDrawOptionsNotModified(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("got: %v, want: %v", got, want)
 	}
 }
+
+func BenchmarkDrawText(b *testing.B) {
+	var txt string
+	for i := 0; i < 32; i++ {
+		txt += "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\n"
+	}
+	screen := ebiten.NewImage(16, 16)
+	source, err := text.NewGoTextFaceSource(bytes.NewReader(goregular.TTF))
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f := &text.GoTextFace{
+		Source: source,
+		Size:   10,
+	}
+	op := &text.DrawOptions{}
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		text.Draw(screen, txt, f, op)
+	}
+}