Merge d02960eb57 into b17ae6135e

Updates #2952

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
-        go: ['1.19.x', '1.20.x', '1.21.x', '1.22.x', '1.23.x']
+        go: ['1.22.x', '1.23.x']
     name: Test with Go ${{ matrix.go }} on ${{ matrix.os }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     env:

audio/audio.go

@@ -188,14 +188,7 @@ func (c *Context) addPlayingPlayer(p *playerImpl) {
 	defer c.m.Unlock()
 	c.playingPlayers[p] = struct{}{}
 
-	// (reflect.Type).Comparable() is enough here, as reflect.TypeOf should always return a dynamic (non-interface) type.
+	if !reflect.ValueOf(p.sourceIdent()).Comparable() {
-	// If reflect.TypeOf returned an interface type, this check would be meaningless.
-	// See these for more details:
-	// * https://pkg.go.dev/reflect#TypeOf
-	// * https://pkg.go.dev/reflect#Type.Comparable
-	//
-	// (*reflect.Value).Comparable() is more intuitive but this was introduced in Go 1.20.
-	if !reflect.TypeOf(p.sourceIdent()).Comparable() {
 		return
 	}
 

audio/context.go

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ func newContext(sampleRate int) (context, chan struct{}, error) {
 		ChannelCount: channelCount,
 		Format:       oto.FormatFloat32LE,
 	})
-	err = addErrorInfoForContextCreation(err)
+	err = addErrorInfo(err)
 	return &contextProxy{ctx}, ready, err
 }
 

audio/error_ios.go

@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 )
 
-// addErrorInfoForContextCreation adds an additional information to the error when creating an audio context.
+// addErrorInfo adds an additional information to the error when creating an audio context.
-// See also hajimehoshi/oto#93.
+// See also ebitengine/oto#93.
-func addErrorInfoForContextCreation(err error) error {
+func addErrorInfo(err error) error {
 	if err == nil {
 		return nil
 	}

audio/error_notios.go

@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@
 
 package audio
 
-func addErrorInfoForContextCreation(err error) error {
+func addErrorInfo(err error) error {
 	return err
 }

audio/internal/convert/float32.go

@@ -93,10 +93,3 @@ func (r *float32BytesReader) Seek(offset int64, whence int) (int64, error) {
 	}
 	return n / 2 * 4, nil
 }
-
-func min(a, b int) int {
-	if a < b {
-		return a
-	}
-	return b
-}

audio/internal/convert/float32_test.go

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ package convert_test
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"io"
-	"math/rand" // TODO: Use math/rand/v2 when the minimum supported version becomes Go 1.22.
+	"math/rand/v2"
 	"testing"
 	"unsafe"
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import (
 func randInt16s(n int) []int16 {
 	r := make([]int16, n)
 	for i := range r {
-		r[i] = int16(rand.Intn(1<<16) - (1 << 15))
+		r[i] = int16(rand.IntN(1<<16) - (1 << 15))
 	}
 	return r
 }
@@ -69,15 +69,14 @@ func TestFloat32(t *testing.T) {
 					name = "seek"
 				}
 				t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-					// Note that unsafe.SliceData is available as of Go 1.20.
 					var in, out []byte
 					if len(c.In) > 0 {
 						outF32 := make([]float32, len(c.In))
 						for i := range c.In {
 							outF32[i] = float32(c.In[i]) / (1 << 15)
 						}
-						in = unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&c.In[0])), len(c.In)*2)
+						in = unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(unsafe.SliceData(c.In))), len(c.In)*2)
-						out = unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&outF32[0])), len(outF32)*4)
+						out = unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(unsafe.SliceData(outF32))), len(outF32)*4)
 					}
 					r := convert.NewFloat32BytesReaderFromInt16BytesReader(bytes.NewReader(in)).(io.ReadSeeker)
 					var got []byte

audio/internal/convert/stereof32_test.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"math"
-	"math/rand" // TODO: Use math/rand/v2 when the minimum supported version becomes Go 1.22.
+	"math/rand/v2"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/audio/internal/convert"

audio/internal/convert/stereoi16_test.go

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ package convert_test
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
-	"io" // TODO: Use math/rand/v2 when the minimum supported version becomes Go 1.22.
+	"io"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/audio/internal/convert"
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ func TestStereoI16(t *testing.T) {
 func randBytes(n int) []byte {
 	r := make([]byte, n)
 	for i := range r {
-		r[i] = byte(rand.Intn(256))
+		r[i] = byte(rand.IntN(256))
 	}
 	return r
 }

audio/player.go

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ func (f *playerFactory) suspend() error {
 	if f.context == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return f.context.Suspend()
+	return addErrorInfo(f.context.Suspend())
 }
 
 func (f *playerFactory) resume() error {
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ func (f *playerFactory) resume() error {
 	if f.context == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return f.context.Resume()
+	return addErrorInfo(f.context.Resume())
 }
 
 func (f *playerFactory) error() error {
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ func (f *playerFactory) error() error {
 	if f.context == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return f.context.Err()
+	return addErrorInfo(f.context.Err())
 }
 
 func (f *playerFactory) initContextIfNeeded() (<-chan struct{}, error) {
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ func (p *playerImpl) Close() error {
 		}()
 		p.player.Pause()
 		p.stopwatch.stop()
-		return p.player.Close()
+		return addErrorInfo(p.player.Close())
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ func (p *playerImpl) SetPosition(offset time.Duration) error {
 
 	pos := p.stream.timeDurationToPos(offset)
 	if _, err := p.player.Seek(pos, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
-		return err
+		return addErrorInfo(err)
 	}
 	p.lastSamples = -1
 	// Just after setting a position, the buffer size should be 0 as no data is sent.
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ func (p *playerImpl) Err() error {
 	if p.player == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return p.player.Err()
+	return addErrorInfo(p.player.Err())
 }
 
 func (p *playerImpl) SetBufferSize(bufferSize time.Duration) {

audio/vorbis/int16.go

@@ -34,13 +34,6 @@ type int16BytesReader struct {
 	fbuf      []float32
 }
 
-func max(a, b int) int {
-	if a < b {
-		return b
-	}
-	return a
-}
-
 func (r *int16BytesReader) Read(buf []byte) (int, error) {
 	if r.eof {
 		return 0, io.EOF

cmd/ebitenmobile/_files/EbitenSurfaceView.java

@@ -29,13 +29,12 @@ import {{.JavaPkg}}.ebitenmobileview.Renderer;
 import {{.JavaPkg}}.{{.PrefixLower}}.EbitenView;
 
 class EbitenSurfaceView extends GLSurfaceView implements Renderer {
+    // As GLSurfaceView can be recreated, the states must be static (#3097).
+    static private boolean errored_ = false;
+    static private boolean onceSurfaceCreated_ = false;
+    static private boolean contextLost_ = false;
 
     private class EbitenRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {
-
-        private boolean errored_ = false;
-        private boolean onceSurfaceCreated_ = false;
-        private boolean contextLost_ = false;
-
         @Override
         public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {
             if (errored_) {
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ class EbitenSurfaceView extends GLSurfaceView implements Renderer {
     }
 
     private void onContextLost() {
-        Log.v("Go", "Kill the application due to a context lost");
+        Log.e("Go", "The application was killed due to context loss");
         // TODO: Relaunch this application for better UX (#805).
         Runtime.getRuntime().exit(0);
     }

cmd/ebitenmobile/gomobile.go

@@ -161,6 +161,12 @@ import (
 			return tmp, err
 		}
 	}
+	// runtime.Version() is the current executing Go version. For example, this is the version of the toolchain directive in go.mod.
+	// This might differ from the Go command version under the temporary directory.
+	// To avoid the version mismatch, set the toolchain explicitly (#3086).
+	if err := runGo("mod", "edit", "-toolchain="+runtime.Version()); err != nil {
+		return tmp, err
+	}
 	if err := runGo("mod", "tidy"); err != nil {
 		return tmp, err
 	}

cursor.go

@@ -19,17 +19,17 @@ import (
 )
 
 // CursorModeType represents a render and coordinate mode of a mouse cursor.
-type CursorModeType = ui.CursorMode
+type CursorModeType int
 
 // CursorModeTypes
 const (
-	CursorModeVisible  CursorModeType = ui.CursorModeVisible
+	CursorModeVisible  CursorModeType = CursorModeType(ui.CursorModeVisible)
-	CursorModeHidden   CursorModeType = ui.CursorModeHidden
+	CursorModeHidden   CursorModeType = CursorModeType(ui.CursorModeHidden)
-	CursorModeCaptured CursorModeType = ui.CursorModeCaptured
+	CursorModeCaptured CursorModeType = CursorModeType(ui.CursorModeCaptured)
 )
 
 // CursorShapeType represents a shape of a mouse cursor.
-type CursorShapeType = ui.CursorShape
+type CursorShapeType int
 
 // CursorShapeTypes
 const (
@@ -44,3 +44,21 @@ const (
 	CursorShapeMove       CursorShapeType = CursorShapeType(ui.CursorShapeMove)
 	CursorShapeNotAllowed CursorShapeType = CursorShapeType(ui.CursorShapeNotAllowed)
 )
+
+// CursorShape returns the current cursor shape.
+//
+// CursorShape returns CursorShapeDefault on mobiles.
+//
+// CursorShape is concurrent-safe.
+func CursorShape() CursorShapeType {
+	return CursorShapeType(ui.Get().CursorShape())
+}
+
+// SetCursorShape sets the cursor shape.
+//
+// If the platform doesn't implement the given shape, the default cursor shape is used.
+//
+// SetCursorShape is concurrent-safe.
+func SetCursorShape(shape CursorShapeType) {
+	ui.Get().SetCursorShape(ui.CursorShape(shape))
+}

examples/2048/2048/game.go

@@ -15,16 +15,9 @@
 package twenty48
 
 import (
-	"math/rand"
-	"time"
-
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 )
 
-func init() {
-	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
-}
-
 const (
 	ScreenWidth  = 420
 	ScreenHeight = 600

examples/2048/2048/tile.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"image/color"
 	"log"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 
@@ -261,9 +261,9 @@ func addRandomTile(tiles map[*Tile]struct{}, size int) error {
 	if len(availableCells) == 0 {
 		return errors.New("twenty48: there is no space to add a new tile")
 	}
-	c := availableCells[rand.Intn(len(availableCells))]
+	c := availableCells[rand.IntN(len(availableCells))]
 	v := 2
-	if rand.Intn(10) == 0 {
+	if rand.IntN(10) == 0 {
 		v = 4
 	}
 	x := c % size

examples/blend/main.go

@@ -163,19 +163,9 @@ func loadImage(data []byte) (*ebiten.Image, error) {
 }
 
 // max returns the largest of x or y.
-func max(x, y int) int {
-	if x > y {
-		return x
-	}
-	return y
-}
-
 // maxSide returns the largest side of a or b images.
 func maxSide(a, b *ebiten.Image) int {
-	return max(
+	return max(a.Bounds().Dx(), b.Bounds().Dx(), a.Bounds().Dy(), b.Bounds().Dy())
-		max(a.Bounds().Dx(), b.Bounds().Dx()),
-		max(a.Bounds().Dy(), b.Bounds().Dy()),
-	)
 }
 
 // drawCenteredText is a util function for drawing blend mode description.

examples/blocks/blocks/field.go

@@ -187,13 +187,6 @@ func (f *Field) Update() {
 	}
 }
 
-func min(a, b float64) float64 {
-	if a > b {
-		return b
-	}
-	return a
-}
-
 func flushingColor(rate float64) colorm.ColorM {
 	var clr colorm.ColorM
 	alpha := min(1, rate*2)

examples/blocks/blocks/gamescene.go

@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@ import (
 	"image/color"
 	_ "image/jpeg"
 	_ "image/png"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
 	"strconv"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/colorm"
@@ -139,10 +138,6 @@ type GameScene struct {
 	gameover           bool
 }
 
-func init() {
-	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
-}
-
 func NewGameScene() *GameScene {
 	return &GameScene{
 		field: &Field{},
@@ -194,7 +189,7 @@ const (
 
 func (s *GameScene) choosePiece() *Piece {
 	num := int(BlockTypeMax)
-	blockType := BlockType(rand.Intn(num) + 1)
+	blockType := BlockType(rand.IntN(num) + 1)
 	return Pieces[blockType]
 }
 

examples/chipmunk/main.go

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"image/color"
 	"log"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/ebitenutil"

examples/doomfire/main.go

@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ package main
 import (
 	"image/color"
 	"log"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 )
@@ -102,7 +101,7 @@ func (g *Game) updateFireIntensityPerPixel(currentPixelIndex int) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	d := rand.Intn(3)
+	d := rand.IntN(3)
 	newI := int(g.indices[below]) - d
 	if newI < 0 {
 		newI = 0
@@ -139,8 +138,6 @@ func (g *Game) Layout(outsideWidth, outsideHeight int) (int, int) {
 }
 
 func main() {
-	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
-
 	ebiten.SetWindowSize(screenWidth*6, screenHeight*6)
 	ebiten.SetWindowTitle("Doom Fire (Ebitengine Demo)")
 	if err := ebiten.RunGame(NewGame()); err != nil {

examples/drag/main.go

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"image/color"
 	_ "image/png"
 	"log"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/ebitenutil"
@@ -29,10 +28,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/inpututil"
 )
 
-func init() {
-	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
-}
-
 const (
 	screenWidth  = 640
 	screenHeight = 480
@@ -196,8 +191,8 @@ func NewGame() *Game {
 		s := &Sprite{
 			image:      ebitenImage,
 			alphaImage: ebitenAlphaImage,
-			x:          rand.Intn(screenWidth - w),
+			x:          rand.IntN(screenWidth - w),
-			y:          rand.Intn(screenHeight - h),
+			y:          rand.IntN(screenHeight - h),
 		}
 		sprites = append(sprites, s)
 	}

examples/flappy/main.go

@@ -24,8 +24,7 @@ import (
 	_ "image/png"
 	"log"
 	"math"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/audio"
@@ -44,10 +43,6 @@ var flagCRT = flag.Bool("crt", false, "enable the CRT effect")
 //go:embed crt.go
 var crtGo []byte
 
-func init() {
-	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
-}
-
 func floorDiv(x, y int) int {
 	d := x / y
 	if d*y == x || x >= 0 {
@@ -150,7 +145,7 @@ func (g *Game) init() {
 	g.cameraY = 0
 	g.pipeTileYs = make([]int, 256)
 	for i := range g.pipeTileYs {
-		g.pipeTileYs[i] = rand.Intn(6) + 2
+		g.pipeTileYs[i] = rand.IntN(6) + 2
 	}
 
 	if g.audioContext == nil {

examples/font/main.go

@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"image/color"
 	"log"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/examples/resources/fonts"
@@ -94,10 +93,6 @@ func init() {
 	mplusFaceSource = s
 }
 
-func init() {
-	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
-}
-
 type Game struct {
 	counter        int
 	kanjiText      string
@@ -110,14 +105,14 @@ func (g *Game) Update() error {
 		g.kanjiText = ""
 		for j := 0; j < 6; j++ {
 			for i := 0; i < 12; i++ {
-				g.kanjiText += string(jaKanjis[rand.Intn(len(jaKanjis))])
+				g.kanjiText += string(jaKanjis[rand.IntN(len(jaKanjis))])
 			}
 			g.kanjiText += "\n"
 		}
 
-		g.kanjiTextColor.R = 0x80 + uint8(rand.Intn(0x7f))
+		g.kanjiTextColor.R = 0x80 + uint8(rand.IntN(0x7f))
-		g.kanjiTextColor.G = 0x80 + uint8(rand.Intn(0x7f))
+		g.kanjiTextColor.G = 0x80 + uint8(rand.IntN(0x7f))
-		g.kanjiTextColor.B = 0x80 + uint8(rand.Intn(0x7f))
+		g.kanjiTextColor.B = 0x80 + uint8(rand.IntN(0x7f))
 		g.kanjiTextColor.A = 0xff
 	}
 	g.counter++

examples/isometric/level.go

@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
-	"time"
 )
 
 // Level represents a Game level.
@@ -56,9 +55,6 @@ func NewLevel() (*Level, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load embedded spritesheet: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	// Generate a unique permutation each time.
-	r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UTC().UnixNano()))
-
 	// Fill each tile with one or more sprites randomly.
 	l.tiles = make([][]*Tile, l.h)
 	for y := 0; y < l.h; y++ {
@@ -66,7 +62,7 @@ func NewLevel() (*Level, error) {
 		for x := 0; x < l.w; x++ {
 			t := &Tile{}
 			isBorderSpace := x == 0 || y == 0 || x == l.w-1 || y == l.h-1
-			val := r.Intn(1000)
+			val := rand.IntN(1000)
 			switch {
 			case isBorderSpace || val < 275:
 				t.AddSprite(ss.Wall)

examples/life/main.go

@@ -8,16 +8,11 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"log"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 )
 
-func init() {
-	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
-}
-
 // World represents the game state.
 type World struct {
 	area   []bool
@@ -39,8 +34,8 @@ func NewWorld(width, height int, maxInitLiveCells int) *World {
 // init inits world with a random state.
 func (w *World) init(maxLiveCells int) {
 	for i := 0; i < maxLiveCells; i++ {
-		x := rand.Intn(w.width)
+		x := rand.IntN(w.width)
-		y := rand.Intn(w.height)
+		y := rand.IntN(w.height)
 		w.area[y*w.width+x] = true
 	}
 }
@@ -96,20 +91,6 @@ func (w *World) Draw(pix []byte) {
 	}
 }
 
-func max(a, b int) int {
-	if a < b {
-		return b
-	}
-	return a
-}
-
-func min(a, b int) int {
-	if a < b {
-		return a
-	}
-	return b
-}
-
 // neighbourCount calculates the Moore neighborhood of (x, y).
 func neighbourCount(a []bool, width, height, x, y int) int {
 	c := 0

examples/lines/main.go

@@ -27,13 +27,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/vector"
 )
 
-func min(x, y int) int {
-	if x < y {
-		return x
-	}
-	return y
-}
-
 var (
 	whiteImage = ebiten.NewImage(3, 3)
 

examples/mascot/main.go

@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"image"
 	_ "image/png"
 	"log"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 	rmascot "github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/examples/resources/images/mascot"
@@ -60,10 +59,6 @@ func init() {
 	gopher3 = ebiten.NewImageFromImage(img3)
 }
 
-func init() {
-	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
-}
-
 type mascot struct {
 	x16  int
 	y16  int
@@ -105,8 +100,8 @@ func (m *mascot) Update() error {
 	}
 
 	// If the mascto is on the ground, cause an action in random.
-	if rand.Intn(60) == 0 && m.y16 == 0 {
+	if rand.IntN(60) == 0 && m.y16 == 0 {
-		switch rand.Intn(2) {
+		switch rand.IntN(2) {
 		case 0:
 			// Jump.
 			m.vy16 = -240

examples/masking/main.go

@@ -145,20 +145,6 @@ func (g *Game) Layout(outsideWidth, outsideHeight int) (int, int) {
 	return screenWidth, screenHeight
 }
 
-func max(a, b int) int {
-	if a < b {
-		return b
-	}
-	return a
-}
-
-func min(a, b int) int {
-	if a < b {
-		return a
-	}
-	return b
-}
-
 func main() {
 	ebiten.SetWindowSize(screenWidth*2, screenHeight*2)
 	ebiten.SetWindowTitle("Masking (Ebitengine Demo)")

examples/minify/main.go

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	screenWidth  = 800
+	screenWidth  = 1000
 	screenHeight = 480
 )
 
@@ -44,20 +44,28 @@ type Game struct {
 	rotate  bool
 	clip    bool
 	counter int
+	pause   bool
 }
 
 func (g *Game) Update() error {
-	g.counter++
-	if g.counter == 480 {
-		g.counter = 0
-	}
-
 	if inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyR) {
 		g.rotate = !g.rotate
 	}
 	if inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyC) {
 		g.clip = !g.clip
 	}
+	if inpututil.IsMouseButtonJustPressed(ebiten.MouseButtonLeft) {
+		g.pause = !g.pause
+	}
+
+	if g.pause {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	g.counter++
+	if g.counter == 480 {
+		g.counter = 0
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -65,7 +73,8 @@ func (g *Game) Draw(screen *ebiten.Image) {
 	s := 1.5 / math.Pow(1.01, float64(g.counter))
 
 	clippedGophersImage := gophersImage.SubImage(image.Rect(100, 100, 200, 200)).(*ebiten.Image)
-	for i, f := range []ebiten.Filter{ebiten.FilterNearest, ebiten.FilterLinear} {
+	for i := range 3 {
+		//for i, f := range []ebiten.Filter{ebiten.FilterNearest, ebiten.FilterLinear} {
 		w, h := gophersImage.Bounds().Dx(), gophersImage.Bounds().Dy()
 
 		op := &ebiten.DrawImageOptions{}
@@ -75,8 +84,15 @@ func (g *Game) Draw(screen *ebiten.Image) {
 			op.GeoM.Translate(float64(w)/2, float64(h)/2)
 		}
 		op.GeoM.Scale(s, s)
-		op.GeoM.Translate(32+float64(i*w)*s+float64(i*4), 64)
+		op.GeoM.Translate(32+float64(i*w)*s+float64(i*4), 100)
-		op.Filter = f
+		if i == 0 {
+			op.Filter = ebiten.FilterNearest
+		} else {
+			op.Filter = ebiten.FilterLinear
+		}
+		if i == 2 {
+			op.DisableMipmaps = true
+		}
 		if g.clip {
 			screen.DrawImage(clippedGophersImage, op)
 		} else {
@@ -84,9 +100,10 @@ func (g *Game) Draw(screen *ebiten.Image) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	msg := fmt.Sprintf(`Minifying images (Nearest filter vs Linear filter):
+	msg := fmt.Sprintf(`Minifying images (Nearest filter, Linear filter (w/ mipmaps), and Linear Filter (w/o mipmaps)):
 Press R to rotate the images.
 Press C to clip the images.
+Click to pause and resume.
 Scale: %0.2f`, s)
 	ebitenutil.DebugPrint(screen, msg)
 }

examples/particles/main.go

@@ -23,18 +23,13 @@ import (
 	_ "image/png"
 	"log"
 	"math"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/ebitenutil"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/examples/resources/images"
 )
 
-func init() {
-	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
-}
-
 const (
 	screenWidth  = 640
 	screenHeight = 480
@@ -110,7 +105,7 @@ func (s *sprite) draw(screen *ebiten.Image) {
 }
 
 func newSprite(img *ebiten.Image) *sprite {
-	c := rand.Intn(50) + 300
+	c := rand.IntN(50) + 300
 	dir := rand.Float64() * 2 * math.Pi
 	a := rand.Float64() * 2 * math.Pi
 	s := rand.Float64()*0.1 + 0.4
@@ -136,7 +131,7 @@ func (g *Game) Update() error {
 		g.sprites = list.New()
 	}
 
-	if g.sprites.Len() < 500 && rand.Intn(4) < 3 {
+	if g.sprites.Len() < 500 && rand.IntN(4) < 3 {
 		// Emit
 		g.sprites.PushBack(newSprite(smokeImage))
 	}

examples/set/main.go

@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"image/color"
 	"log"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/ebitenutil"
@@ -30,10 +29,6 @@ const (
 	screenHeight = 240
 )
 
-func init() {
-	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
-}
-
 type Game struct {
 	offscreen *ebiten.Image
 }
@@ -46,12 +41,12 @@ func NewGame() *Game {
 
 func (g *Game) Update() error {
 	s := g.offscreen.Bounds().Size()
-	x := rand.Intn(s.X)
+	x := rand.IntN(s.X)
-	y := rand.Intn(s.Y)
+	y := rand.IntN(s.Y)
 	c := color.RGBA{
-		byte(rand.Intn(256)),
+		byte(rand.IntN(256)),
-		byte(rand.Intn(256)),
+		byte(rand.IntN(256)),
-		byte(rand.Intn(256)),
+		byte(rand.IntN(256)),
 		byte(0xff),
 	}
 	g.offscreen.Set(x, y, c)

examples/snake/main.go

@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"image/color"
 	"log"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/ebitenutil"
@@ -59,10 +58,6 @@ type Game struct {
 	level         int
 }
 
-func init() {
-	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
-}
-
 func (g *Game) collidesWithApple() bool {
 	return g.snakeBody[0].X == g.apple.X &&
 		g.snakeBody[0].Y == g.apple.Y
@@ -130,8 +125,8 @@ func (g *Game) Update() error {
 		}
 
 		if g.collidesWithApple() {
-			g.apple.X = rand.Intn(xGridCountInScreen - 1)
+			g.apple.X = rand.IntN(xGridCountInScreen - 1)
-			g.apple.Y = rand.Intn(yGridCountInScreen - 1)
+			g.apple.Y = rand.IntN(yGridCountInScreen - 1)
 			g.snakeBody = append(g.snakeBody, Position{
 				X: g.snakeBody[len(g.snakeBody)-1].X,
 				Y: g.snakeBody[len(g.snakeBody)-1].Y,

examples/sprites/main.go

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 	_ "image/png"
 	"log"
 	"math"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/ebitenutil"
@@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ func (g *Game) init() {
 	g.sprites.num = 500
 	for i := range g.sprites.sprites {
 		w, h := ebitenImage.Bounds().Dx(), ebitenImage.Bounds().Dy()
-		x, y := rand.Intn(screenWidth-w), rand.Intn(screenHeight-h)
+		x, y := rand.IntN(screenWidth-w), rand.IntN(screenHeight-h)
-		vx, vy := 2*rand.Intn(2)-1, 2*rand.Intn(2)-1
+		vx, vy := 2*rand.IntN(2)-1, 2*rand.IntN(2)-1
-		a := rand.Intn(maxAngle)
+		a := rand.IntN(maxAngle)
 		g.sprites.sprites[i] = &Sprite{
 			imageWidth:  w,
 			imageHeight: h,

examples/spriteshd/main.go

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 	_ "image/png"
 	"log"
 	"math"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/ebitenutil"
@@ -117,9 +117,9 @@ func (g *Game) init() {
 	g.sprites.num = 500
 	for i := range g.sprites.sprites {
 		w, h := ebitenImage.Bounds().Dx(), ebitenImage.Bounds().Dy()
-		x, y := rand.Intn(screenWidth-w), rand.Intn(screenHeight-h)
+		x, y := rand.IntN(screenWidth-w), rand.IntN(screenHeight-h)
-		vx, vy := 2*rand.Intn(2)-1, 2*rand.Intn(2)-1
+		vx, vy := 2*rand.IntN(2)-1, 2*rand.IntN(2)-1
-		a := rand.Intn(maxAngle)
+		a := rand.IntN(maxAngle)
 		g.sprites.sprites[i] = &Sprite{
 			imageWidth:  w,
 			imageHeight: h,

examples/squiral/main.go

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"image/color"
 	"log"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/ebitenutil"
@@ -127,8 +126,8 @@ type squiral struct {
 func (s *squiral) spawn(game *Game) {
 	s.dead = false
 
-	rx := rand.Intn(width-4) + 2
+	rx := rand.IntN(width-4) + 2
-	ry := rand.Intn(height-4) + 2
+	ry := rand.IntN(height-4) + 2
 
 	for dx := -2; dx <= 2; dx++ {
 		for dy := -2; dy <= 2; dy++ {
@@ -140,15 +139,15 @@ func (s *squiral) spawn(game *Game) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	s.speed = rand.Intn(5) + 1
+	s.speed = rand.IntN(5) + 1
 	s.pos.x = rx
 	s.pos.y = ry
-	s.dir = rand.Intn(4)
+	s.dir = rand.IntN(4)
 
 	game.colorCycle = (game.colorCycle + 1) % len(palettes[game.selectedPalette].colors)
 	s.col = palettes[game.selectedPalette].colors[game.colorCycle]
 
-	s.rot = rand.Intn(2)
+	s.rot = rand.IntN(2)
 }
 
 func (s *squiral) step(game *Game) {
@@ -157,7 +156,7 @@ func (s *squiral) step(game *Game) {
 	}
 	x, y := s.pos.x, s.pos.y // shorthands
 
-	change := rand.Intn(1000)
+	change := rand.IntN(1000)
 	if change < 2 {
 		// On 0.2% of iterations, switch rotation direction.
 		s.rot = (s.rot + 1) % 2
@@ -267,10 +266,6 @@ func (a *automaton) step(game *Game) {
 	}
 }
 
-func init() {
-	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
-}
-
 type Game struct {
 	selectedPalette int
 	colorCycle      int

examples/stars/main.go

@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ package main
 import (
 	"image/color"
 	"log"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/vector"
@@ -97,7 +96,6 @@ func (g *Game) Layout(outsideWidth, outsideHeight int) (int, int) {
 }
 
 func main() {
-	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
 	ebiten.SetWindowSize(screenWidth, screenHeight)
 	ebiten.SetWindowTitle("Stars (Ebitengine Demo)")
 	if err := ebiten.RunGame(NewGame()); err != nil {

examples/windowsize/main.go

@@ -22,12 +22,11 @@ import (
 	_ "image/jpeg"
 	"log"
 	"math"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
 	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/ebitenutil"
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@ var (
 
 func init() {
 	flag.Parse()
-	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
 }
 
 const (
@@ -71,9 +69,9 @@ var (
 func createRandomIconImage() image.Image {
 	const size = 32
 
-	rf := float64(rand.Intn(0x100))
+	rf := float64(rand.IntN(0x100))
-	gf := float64(rand.Intn(0x100))
+	gf := float64(rand.IntN(0x100))
-	bf := float64(rand.Intn(0x100))
+	bf := float64(rand.IntN(0x100))
 	img := ebiten.NewImage(size, size)
 	pix := make([]byte, 4*size*size)
 	for j := 0; j < size; j++ {

geom.go

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ func (g *GeoM) Translate(tx, ty float64) {
 	g.ty += ty
 }
 
-// Rotate rotates the matrix by theta.
+// Rotate rotates the matrix clockwise by theta.
 // The unit is radian.
 func (g *GeoM) Rotate(theta float64) {
 	if theta == 0 {

go.mod

@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
 module github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2
 
-go 1.19
+go 1.22.0
 
 require (
-	github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240825043811-96c531f5bd83
+	github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240911145611-4856209ac325
 	github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0
 	github.com/ebitengine/oto/v3 v3.3.0-alpha.4
 	github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.8.0-alpha.5
 	github.com/gen2brain/mpeg v0.3.2-0.20240412154320-a2ac4fc8a46f
-	github.com/go-text/typesetting v0.1.1
+	github.com/go-text/typesetting v0.1.1-0.20240522210117-2c045476f496
 	github.com/hajimehoshi/bitmapfont/v3 v3.2.0-alpha.5
 	github.com/hajimehoshi/go-mp3 v0.3.4
 	github.com/jakecoffman/cp v1.2.1
 	github.com/jezek/xgb v1.1.1
 	github.com/jfreymuth/oggvorbis v1.0.5
 	github.com/kisielk/errcheck v1.7.0
-	golang.org/x/image v0.19.0
+	golang.org/x/image v0.20.0
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.25.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.17.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.18.0
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.24.0
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.25.0
 )
 
 require (
 	github.com/jfreymuth/vorbis v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.21 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.20.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.21.0 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240825043811-96c531f5bd83 h1:yA0CtFKYZI/db1snCOInRS0Z18QGZU6aBYkqUT0H6RI=
+github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240911145611-4856209ac325 h1:Gk1XUEttOk0/hb6Tq3WkmutWa0ZLhNn/6fc6XZpM7tM=
-github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240825043811-96c531f5bd83/go.mod h1:n2NbB/F4d9wOXFzC7FT1ipERidmYWC5I4YNOYRs5N7I=
+github.com/ebitengine/gomobile v0.0.0-20240911145611-4856209ac325/go.mod h1:ulhSQcbPioQrallSuIzF8l1NKQoD7xmMZc5NxzibUMY=
 github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0 h1:5J4U0kXF+pv/DhiXt5/lTz0eO5ogJ1iXb8Yj1yReDqE=
 github.com/ebitengine/hideconsole v1.0.0/go.mod h1:hTTBTvVYWKBuxPr7peweneWdkUwEuHuB3C1R/ielR1A=
 github.com/ebitengine/oto/v3 v3.3.0-alpha.4 h1:w9SD7kK4GgJULkh5pWVTToMA5Ia1bP7VxD4rIjQqb8M=
@@ -8,9 +8,10 @@ github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.8.0-alpha.5 h1:M0+PSgsdVNczTB8ijX89HmYqCfb2HUuBE
 github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.8.0-alpha.5/go.mod h1:SQ56/omnSL8DdaBSKswoBvsMjgaWQyxyeMtb48sOskI=
 github.com/gen2brain/mpeg v0.3.2-0.20240412154320-a2ac4fc8a46f h1:ysqRe+lvUiL0dH5XzkH0Bz68bFMPJ4f5Si4L/HD9SGk=
 github.com/gen2brain/mpeg v0.3.2-0.20240412154320-a2ac4fc8a46f/go.mod h1:i/ebyRRv/IoHixuZ9bElZnXbmfoUVPGQpdsJ4sVuX38=
-github.com/go-text/typesetting v0.1.1 h1:bGAesCuo85nXnEN5LmFMVGAGpGkCPtHrZLi//qD7EJo=
+github.com/go-text/typesetting v0.1.1-0.20240522210117-2c045476f496 h1:zgx3rOyOdRoA2GXWpfJkH7Zg248ookseRifdn9VSp5g=
-github.com/go-text/typesetting v0.1.1/go.mod h1:d22AnmeKq/on0HNv73UFriMKc4Ez6EqZAofLhAzpSzI=
+github.com/go-text/typesetting v0.1.1-0.20240522210117-2c045476f496/go.mod h1:2+owI/sxa73XA581LAzVuEBZ3WEEV2pXeDswCH/3i1I=
-github.com/go-text/typesetting-utils v0.0.0-20231211103740-d9332ae51f04 h1:zBx+p/W2aQYtNuyZNcTfinWvXBQwYtDfme051PR/lAY=
+github.com/go-text/typesetting-utils v0.0.0-20240317173224-1986cbe96c66 h1:GUrm65PQPlhFSKjLPGOZNPNxLCybjzjYBzjfoBGaDUY=
+github.com/go-text/typesetting-utils v0.0.0-20240317173224-1986cbe96c66/go.mod h1:DDxDdQEnB70R8owOx3LVpEFvpMK9eeH1o2r0yZhFI9o=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 h1:ofyhxvXcZhMsU5ulbFiLKl/XBFqE1GSq7atu8tAmTRI=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
 github.com/hajimehoshi/bitmapfont/v3 v3.2.0-alpha.5 h1:gtIcN2INlD2qlfUiECuvbI0moNIoANgIY7MwgW4cFGE=
@@ -37,15 +38,16 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210921155107-089bfa567519/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5y
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.13.0/go.mod h1:y6Z2r+Rw4iayiXXAIxJIDAJ1zMW4yaTpebo8fPOliYc=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.19.0/go.mod h1:Iy9bg/ha4yyC70EfRS8jz+B6ybOBKMaSxLj6P6oBDfU=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.23.0/go.mod h1:CKFgDieR+mRhux2Lsu27y0fO304Db0wZe70UKqHu0v8=
-golang.org/x/image v0.19.0 h1:D9FX4QWkLfkeqaC62SonffIIuYdOk/UE2XKUBgRIBIQ=
 golang.org/x/image v0.19.0/go.mod h1:y0zrRqlQRWQ5PXaYCOMLTW2fpsxZ8Qh9I/ohnInJEys=
+golang.org/x/image v0.20.0 h1:7cVCUjQwfL18gyBJOmYvptfSHS8Fb3YUDtfLIZ7Nbpw=
+golang.org/x/image v0.20.0/go.mod h1:0a88To4CYVBAHp5FXJm8o7QbUl37Vd85ply1vyD8auM=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.6.0-dev.0.20220419223038-86c51ed26bb4/go.mod h1:jJ57K6gSWd91VN4djpZkiMVwK6gcyfeH4XE8wZrZaV4=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.8.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.12.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.15.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.17.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.20.0 h1:utOm6MM3R3dnawAiJgn0y+xvuYRsm1RKM/4giyfDgV0=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.21.0 h1:vvrHzRwRfVKSiLrG+d4FMl/Qi4ukBCE6kZlTUkDYRT0=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.20.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.21.0/go.mod h1:6SkKJ3Xj0I0BrPOZoBy3bdMptDDU9oJrpohJ3eWZ1fY=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110/go.mod h1:m0MpNAwzfU5UDzcl9v0D8zg8gWTRqZa9RBIspLL5mdg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220722155237-a158d28d115b/go.mod h1:XRhObCWvk6IyKnWLug+ECip1KBveYUHfp+8e9klMJ9c=
@@ -92,14 +94,15 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.9.0/go.mod h1:e1OnstbJyHTd6l/uOt8jFFHp6TRDWZR/bV3emEE/zU8=
 golang.org/x/text v0.13.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
 golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
 golang.org/x/text v0.15.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
-golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 h1:XtiM5bkSOt+ewxlOE/aE/AKEHibwj/6gvWMl9Rsh0Qc=
 golang.org/x/text v0.17.0/go.mod h1:BuEKDfySbSR4drPmRPG/7iBdf8hvFMuRexcpahXilzY=
+golang.org/x/text v0.18.0 h1:XvMDiNzPAl0jr17s6W9lcaIhGUfUORdGCNsuLmPG224=
+golang.org/x/text v0.18.0/go.mod h1:BuEKDfySbSR4drPmRPG/7iBdf8hvFMuRexcpahXilzY=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Xwgl3UAJ/d3gWutnCtw505GrjyAbvKui8lOU390QaIU=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.13.0/go.mod h1:HvlwmtVNQAhOuCjW7xxvovg8wbNq7LwfXh/k7wXUl58=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d/go.mod h1:aiJjzUbINMkxbQROHiO6hDPo2LHcIPhhQsa9DLh0yGk=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.24.0 h1:J1shsA93PJUEVaUSaay7UXAyE8aimq3GW0pjlolpa24=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.25.0 h1:oFU9pkj/iJgs+0DT+VMHrx+oBKs/LJMV+Uvg78sl+fE=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.24.0/go.mod h1:YhNqVBIfWHdzvTLs0d8LCuMhkKUgSUKldakyV7W/WDQ=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.25.0/go.mod h1:/vtpO8WL1N9cQC3FN5zPqb//fRXskFHbLKk4OW1Q7rg=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=

image.go

@@ -144,6 +144,16 @@ type DrawImageOptions struct {
 	// Filter is a type of texture filter.
 	// The default (zero) value is FilterNearest.
 	Filter Filter
+
+	// DisableMipmaps disables mipmaps.
+	// When Filter is FilterLinear and GeoM shrinks the image, mipmaps are used by default.
+	// Mipmap is useful to render a shrunk image with high quality.
+	// However, mipmaps can be expensive, especially on mobiles.
+	// When DisableMipmaps is true, mipmap is not used.
+	// When Filter is not FilterLinear, DisableMipmaps is ignored.
+	//
+	// The default (zero) value is false.
+	DisableMipmaps bool
 }
 
 // adjustPosition converts the position in the *ebiten.Image coordinate to the *ui.Image coordinate.
@@ -273,7 +283,11 @@ func (i *Image) DrawImage(img *Image, options *DrawImageOptions) {
 		hint = restorable.HintOverwriteDstRegion
 	}
 
-	i.image.DrawTriangles(srcs, vs, is, blend, dr, [graphics.ShaderSrcImageCount]image.Rectangle{img.adjustedBounds()}, shader.shader, i.tmpUniforms, graphicsdriver.FillRuleFillAll, canSkipMipmap(geoM, filter), false, hint)
+	skipMipmap := options.DisableMipmaps
+	if !skipMipmap {
+		skipMipmap = canSkipMipmap(geoM, filter)
+	}
+	i.image.DrawTriangles(srcs, vs, is, blend, dr, [graphics.ShaderSrcImageCount]image.Rectangle{img.adjustedBounds()}, shader.shader, i.tmpUniforms, graphicsdriver.FillRuleFillAll, skipMipmap, false, hint)
 }
 
 // overwritesDstRegion reports whether the given parameters overwrite the destination region completely.
@@ -447,6 +461,16 @@ type DrawTrianglesOptions struct {
 	//
 	// The default (zero) value is false.
 	AntiAlias bool
+
+	// DisableMipmaps disables mipmaps.
+	// When Filter is FilterLinear and GeoM shrinks the image, mipmaps are used by default.
+	// Mipmap is useful to render a shrunk image with high quality.
+	// However, mipmaps can be expensive, especially on mobiles.
+	// When DisableMipmaps is true, mipmap is not used.
+	// When Filter is not FilterLinear, DisableMipmaps is ignored.
+	//
+	// The default (zero) value is false.
+	DisableMipmaps bool
 }
 
 // MaxIndicesCount is the maximum number of indices for DrawTriangles and DrawTrianglesShader.
@@ -530,30 +554,32 @@ func (i *Image) DrawTriangles(vertices []Vertex, indices []uint16, img *Image, o
 	vs := i.ensureTmpVertices(len(vertices) * graphics.VertexFloatCount)
 	dst := i
 	if options.ColorScaleMode == ColorScaleModeStraightAlpha {
-		for i, v := range vertices {
+		// Avoid using `for i, v := range vertices` as adding `v` creates a copy from `vertices` unnecessarily on each loop (#3103).
-			dx, dy := dst.adjustPositionF32(v.DstX, v.DstY)
+		for i := range vertices {
+			dx, dy := dst.adjustPositionF32(vertices[i].DstX, vertices[i].DstY)
 			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount] = dx
 			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+1] = dy
-			sx, sy := img.adjustPositionF32(v.SrcX, v.SrcY)
+			sx, sy := img.adjustPositionF32(vertices[i].SrcX, vertices[i].SrcY)
 			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+2] = sx
 			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+3] = sy
-			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+4] = v.ColorR * v.ColorA * cr
+			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+4] = vertices[i].ColorR * vertices[i].ColorA * cr
-			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+5] = v.ColorG * v.ColorA * cg
+			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+5] = vertices[i].ColorG * vertices[i].ColorA * cg
-			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+6] = v.ColorB * v.ColorA * cb
+			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+6] = vertices[i].ColorB * vertices[i].ColorA * cb
-			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+7] = v.ColorA * ca
+			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+7] = vertices[i].ColorA * ca
 		}
 	} else {
-		for i, v := range vertices {
+		// See comment above (#3103).
-			dx, dy := dst.adjustPositionF32(v.DstX, v.DstY)
+		for i := range vertices {
+			dx, dy := dst.adjustPositionF32(vertices[i].DstX, vertices[i].DstY)
 			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount] = dx
 			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+1] = dy
-			sx, sy := img.adjustPositionF32(v.SrcX, v.SrcY)
+			sx, sy := img.adjustPositionF32(vertices[i].SrcX, vertices[i].SrcY)
 			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+2] = sx
 			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+3] = sy
-			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+4] = v.ColorR * cr
+			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+4] = vertices[i].ColorR * cr
-			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+5] = v.ColorG * cg
+			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+5] = vertices[i].ColorG * cg
-			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+6] = v.ColorB * cb
+			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+6] = vertices[i].ColorB * cb
-			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+7] = v.ColorA * ca
+			vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+7] = vertices[i].ColorA * ca
 		}
 	}
 	is := i.ensureTmpIndices(len(indices))
@@ -576,7 +602,11 @@ func (i *Image) DrawTriangles(vertices []Vertex, indices []uint16, img *Image, o
 		})
 	}
 
-	i.image.DrawTriangles(srcs, vs, is, blend, i.adjustedBounds(), [graphics.ShaderSrcImageCount]image.Rectangle{img.adjustedBounds()}, shader.shader, i.tmpUniforms, graphicsdriver.FillRule(options.FillRule), filter != builtinshader.FilterLinear, options.AntiAlias, restorable.HintNone)
+	skipMipmap := options.DisableMipmaps
+	if !skipMipmap {
+		skipMipmap = filter != builtinshader.FilterLinear
+	}
+	i.image.DrawTriangles(srcs, vs, is, blend, i.adjustedBounds(), [graphics.ShaderSrcImageCount]image.Rectangle{img.adjustedBounds()}, shader.shader, i.tmpUniforms, graphicsdriver.FillRule(options.FillRule), skipMipmap, options.AntiAlias, restorable.HintNone)
 }
 
 // DrawTrianglesShaderOptions represents options for DrawTrianglesShader.
@@ -690,24 +720,25 @@ func (i *Image) DrawTrianglesShader(vertices []Vertex, indices []uint16, shader
 	vs := i.ensureTmpVertices(len(vertices) * graphics.VertexFloatCount)
 	dst := i
 	src := options.Images[0]
-	for i, v := range vertices {
+	// Avoid using `for i, v := range vertices` as adding `v` creates a copy from `vertices` unnecessarily on each loop (#3103).
-		dx, dy := dst.adjustPositionF32(v.DstX, v.DstY)
+	for i := range vertices {
+		dx, dy := dst.adjustPositionF32(vertices[i].DstX, vertices[i].DstY)
 		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount] = dx
 		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+1] = dy
-		sx, sy := v.SrcX, v.SrcY
+		sx, sy := vertices[i].SrcX, vertices[i].SrcY
 		if src != nil {
 			sx, sy = src.adjustPositionF32(sx, sy)
 		}
 		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+2] = sx
 		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+3] = sy
-		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+4] = v.ColorR
+		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+4] = vertices[i].ColorR
-		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+5] = v.ColorG
+		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+5] = vertices[i].ColorG
-		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+6] = v.ColorB
+		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+6] = vertices[i].ColorB
-		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+7] = v.ColorA
+		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+7] = vertices[i].ColorA
-		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+8] = v.Custom0
+		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+8] = vertices[i].Custom0
-		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+9] = v.Custom1
+		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+9] = vertices[i].Custom1
-		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+10] = v.Custom2
+		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+10] = vertices[i].Custom2
-		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+11] = v.Custom3
+		vs[i*graphics.VertexFloatCount+11] = vertices[i].Custom3
 	}
 
 	is := i.ensureTmpIndices(len(indices))

image_test.go

@@ -22,10 +22,9 @@ import (
 	"image/draw"
 	_ "image/png"
 	"math"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
 	"runtime"
 	"testing"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/examples/resources/images"
@@ -37,10 +36,6 @@ import (
 // maxImageSize is a maximum image size that should work in almost every environment.
 const maxImageSize = 4096 - 2
 
-func init() {
-	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
-}
-
 func skipTooSlowTests(t *testing.T) bool {
 	if testing.Short() {
 		t.Skip("skipping test in short mode")
@@ -348,26 +343,6 @@ func TestImageDeallocate(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-type ordered interface {
-	~int | ~int8 | ~int16 | ~int32 | ~int64 | ~uint | ~uint8 | ~uint16 | ~uint32 | ~uint64 | ~uintptr | ~float32 | ~float64 | ~string
-}
-
-// TODO: Use the built-in function min from Go 1.21.
-func min[T ordered](a, b T) T {
-	if a < b {
-		return a
-	}
-	return b
-}
-
-// TODO: Use the built-in function max from Go 1.21.
-func max[T ordered](a, b T) T {
-	if a < b {
-		return b
-	}
-	return a
-}
-
 func TestImageBlendLighter(t *testing.T) {
 	img0, _, err := openEbitenImage()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -4292,7 +4267,7 @@ func TestImageAntiAlias(t *testing.T) {
 		ebiten.BlendXor,
 		ebiten.BlendLighter,
 	} {
-		rnd := rand.New(rand.NewSource(0))
+		rnd := rand.New(rand.NewPCG(0, 0))
 		max := func(x, y, z byte) byte {
 			if x >= y && x >= z {
 				return x

input.go

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ func KeyName(key Key) string {
 //
 // CursorPosition returns (0, 0) before the main loop on desktops and browsers.
 //
-// CursorPosition always returns (0, 0) on mobiles.
+// CursorPosition always returns (0, 0) on mobile native applications.
 //
 // CursorPosition is concurrent-safe.
 func CursorPosition() (x, y int) {
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ func UpdateStandardGamepadLayoutMappings(mappings string) (bool, error) {
 }
 
 // TouchID represents a touch's identifier.
-type TouchID = ui.TouchID
+type TouchID int
 
 // AppendTouchIDs appends the current touch states to touches, and returns the extended buffer.
 // Giving a slice that already has enough capacity works efficiently.
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ func (i *inputState) appendTouchIDs(touches []TouchID) []TouchID {
 	defer i.m.Unlock()
 
 	for _, t := range i.state.Touches {
-		touches = append(touches, t.ID)
+		touches = append(touches, TouchID(t.ID))
 	}
 	return touches
 }
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ func (i *inputState) touchPosition(id TouchID) (int, int) {
 	defer i.m.Unlock()
 
 	for _, t := range i.state.Touches {
-		if id != t.ID {
+		if id != TouchID(t.ID) {
 			continue
 		}
 		return t.X, t.Y

internal/affine/colorm_test.go

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ package affine_test
 
 import (
 	"math"
-	"math/rand"
+	"math/rand/v2"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/internal/affine"

internal/atlas/image.go

@@ -35,13 +35,6 @@ var (
 	maxSize            = 0
 )
 
-func min(a, b int) int {
-	if a < b {
-		return a
-	}
-	return b
-}
-
 func appendDeferred(f func()) {
 	deferredM.Lock()
 	defer deferredM.Unlock()

internal/buffered/image.go

@@ -314,8 +314,5 @@ func (i *Image) syncPixelsIfNeeded() {
 	blend := graphicsdriver.BlendCopy
 	i.img.DrawTriangles(srcs, vs, is, blend, dr, [graphics.ShaderSrcImageCount]image.Rectangle{sr}, atlas.NearestFilterShader, nil, graphicsdriver.FillRuleFillAll, restorable.HintNone)
 
-	// TODO: Use clear if Go 1.21 is available.
+	clear(i.dotsBuffer)
-	for pos := range i.dotsBuffer {
-		delete(i.dotsBuffer, pos)
-	}
 }

internal/clock/clock.go

@@ -64,13 +64,6 @@ func ActualTPS() float64 {
 	return actualTPS
 }
 
-func max(a, b int64) int64 {
-	if a < b {
-		return b
-	}
-	return a
-}
-
 func calcCountFromTPS(tps int64, now int64) int {
 	if tps == 0 {
 		return 0

internal/glfw/context_windows.go

@@ -616,6 +616,5 @@ func bytePtrToString(p *byte) string {
 		ptr = unsafe.Add(ptr, 1)
 	}
 
-	// unsafe.String(p, n) is available as of Go 1.20.
+	return unsafe.String(p, n)
-	return string(unsafe.Slice(p, n))
 }

internal/graphicscommand/commandqueue.go

@@ -507,13 +507,6 @@ func roundUpPower2(x int) int {
 	return p2
 }
 
-func max(a, b int) int {
-	if a < b {
-		return b
-	}
-	return a
-}
-
 func (b *uint32sBuffer) alloc(n int) []uint32 {
 	buf := b.buf
 	if len(buf)+n > cap(buf) {

internal/graphicsdriver/opengl/gl/buf_js.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-package jsutil
+package gl
 
 import (
 	"syscall/js"
@@ -27,77 +27,77 @@ var (
 )
 
 var (
-	temporaryArrayBufferByteLength = 16
+	tmpArrayBufferByteLength = 16
 
-	// temporaryArrayBuffer is a temporary buffer used at gl.readPixels or gl.texSubImage2D.
+	// tmpArrayBuffer is a temporary buffer used at gl.readPixels or gl.texSubImage2D.
 	// The read data is converted to Go's byte slice as soon as possible.
 	// To avoid often allocating ArrayBuffer, reuse the buffer whenever possible.
-	temporaryArrayBuffer = arrayBuffer.New(temporaryArrayBufferByteLength)
+	tmpArrayBuffer = arrayBuffer.New(tmpArrayBufferByteLength)
 
-	// temporaryUint8Array is a Uint8ArrayBuffer whose underlying buffer is always temporaryArrayBuffer.
+	// tmpUint8Array is a Uint8ArrayBuffer whose underlying buffer is always temporaryArrayBuffer.
-	temporaryUint8Array = uint8Array.New(temporaryArrayBuffer)
+	tmpUint8Array = uint8Array.New(tmpArrayBuffer)
 
-	// temporaryFloat32Array is a Float32ArrayBuffer whose underlying buffer is always temporaryArrayBuffer.
+	// tmpFloat32Array is a Float32ArrayBuffer whose underlying buffer is always temporaryArrayBuffer.
-	temporaryFloat32Array = float32Array.New(temporaryArrayBuffer)
+	tmpFloat32Array = float32Array.New(tmpArrayBuffer)
 
-	// temporaryInt32Array is a Float32ArrayBuffer whose underlying buffer is always temporaryArrayBuffer.
+	// tmpInt32Array is a Float32ArrayBuffer whose underlying buffer is always temporaryArrayBuffer.
-	temporaryInt32Array = int32Array.New(temporaryArrayBuffer)
+	tmpInt32Array = int32Array.New(tmpArrayBuffer)
 )
 
 func ensureTemporaryArrayBufferSize(byteLength int) {
-	if bufl := temporaryArrayBufferByteLength; bufl < byteLength {
+	if bufl := tmpArrayBufferByteLength; bufl < byteLength {
 		for bufl < byteLength {
 			bufl *= 2
 		}
-		temporaryArrayBufferByteLength = bufl
+		tmpArrayBufferByteLength = bufl
-		temporaryArrayBuffer = arrayBuffer.New(bufl)
+		tmpArrayBuffer = arrayBuffer.New(bufl)
-		temporaryUint8Array = uint8Array.New(temporaryArrayBuffer)
+		tmpUint8Array = uint8Array.New(tmpArrayBuffer)
-		temporaryFloat32Array = float32Array.New(temporaryArrayBuffer)
+		tmpFloat32Array = float32Array.New(tmpArrayBuffer)
-		temporaryInt32Array = int32Array.New(temporaryArrayBuffer)
+		tmpInt32Array = int32Array.New(tmpArrayBuffer)
 	}
 }
 
-// TemporaryUint8ArrayFromUint8Slice returns a Uint8Array whose length is at least minLength from an uint8 slice.
+// tmpUint8ArrayFromUint8Slice returns a Uint8Array whose length is at least minLength from an uint8 slice.
 // Be careful that the length can exceed the given minLength.
 // data must be a slice of a numeric type for initialization, or nil if you don't need initialization.
-func TemporaryUint8ArrayFromUint8Slice(minLength int, data []uint8) js.Value {
+func tmpUint8ArrayFromUint8Slice(minLength int, data []uint8) js.Value {
 	ensureTemporaryArrayBufferSize(minLength)
 	copyUint8SliceToTemporaryArrayBuffer(data)
-	return temporaryUint8Array
+	return tmpUint8Array
 }
 
-// TemporaryUint8ArrayFromUint16Slice returns a Uint8Array whose length is at least minLength from an uint16 slice.
+// tmpUint8ArrayFromUint16Slice returns a Uint8Array whose length is at least minLength from an uint16 slice.
 // Be careful that the length can exceed the given minLength.
 // data must be a slice of a numeric type for initialization, or nil if you don't need initialization.
-func TemporaryUint8ArrayFromUint16Slice(minLength int, data []uint16) js.Value {
+func tmpUint8ArrayFromUint16Slice(minLength int, data []uint16) js.Value {
 	ensureTemporaryArrayBufferSize(minLength * 2)
 	copySliceToTemporaryArrayBuffer(data)
-	return temporaryUint8Array
+	return tmpUint8Array
 }
 
-// TemporaryUint8ArrayFromFloat32Slice returns a Uint8Array whose length is at least minLength from a float32 slice.
+// tmpUint8ArrayFromFloat32Slice returns a Uint8Array whose length is at least minLength from a float32 slice.
 // Be careful that the length can exceed the given minLength.
 // data must be a slice of a numeric type for initialization, or nil if you don't need initialization.
-func TemporaryUint8ArrayFromFloat32Slice(minLength int, data []float32) js.Value {
+func tmpUint8ArrayFromFloat32Slice(minLength int, data []float32) js.Value {
 	ensureTemporaryArrayBufferSize(minLength * 4)
 	copySliceToTemporaryArrayBuffer(data)
-	return temporaryUint8Array
+	return tmpUint8Array
 }
 
-// TemporaryFloat32Array returns a Float32Array whose length is at least minLength.
+// tmpFloat32ArrayFromFloat32Slice returns a Float32Array whose length is at least minLength.
 // Be careful that the length can exceed the given minLength.
 // data must be a slice of a numeric type for initialization, or nil if you don't need initialization.
-func TemporaryFloat32Array(minLength int, data []float32) js.Value {
+func tmpFloat32ArrayFromFloat32Slice(minLength int, data []float32) js.Value {
 	ensureTemporaryArrayBufferSize(minLength * 4)
 	copySliceToTemporaryArrayBuffer(data)
-	return temporaryFloat32Array
+	return tmpFloat32Array
 }
 
-// TemporaryInt32Array returns a Int32Array whose length is at least minLength.
+// tmpInt32ArrayFromInt32Slice returns a Int32Array whose length is at least minLength.
 // Be careful that the length can exceed the given minLength.
 // data must be a slice of a numeric type for initialization, or nil if you don't need initialization.
-func TemporaryInt32Array(minLength int, data []int32) js.Value {
+func tmpInt32ArrayFromInt32Slice(minLength int, data []int32) js.Value {
 	ensureTemporaryArrayBufferSize(minLength * 4)
 	copySliceToTemporaryArrayBuffer(data)
-	return temporaryInt32Array
+	return tmpInt32Array
 }

internal/graphicsdriver/opengl/gl/default_js.go

@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ package gl
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"syscall/js"
-
-	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/internal/jsutil"
 )
 
 type defaultContext struct {
@@ -288,7 +286,7 @@ func (c *defaultContext) BufferInit(target uint32, size int, usage uint32) {
 
 func (c *defaultContext) BufferSubData(target uint32, offset int, data []byte) {
 	l := len(data)
-	arr := jsutil.TemporaryUint8ArrayFromUint8Slice(l, data)
+	arr := tmpUint8ArrayFromUint8Slice(l, data)
 	c.fnBufferSubData.Invoke(target, offset, arr, 0, l)
 }
 
@@ -494,7 +492,7 @@ func (c *defaultContext) ReadPixels(dst []byte, x int32, y int32, width int32, h
 		c.fnReadPixels.Invoke(x, y, width, height, format, xtype, 0)
 		return
 	}
-	p := jsutil.TemporaryUint8ArrayFromUint8Slice(len(dst), nil)
+	p := tmpUint8ArrayFromUint8Slice(len(dst), nil)
 	c.fnReadPixels.Invoke(x, y, width, height, format, xtype, p)
 	js.CopyBytesToGo(dst, p)
 }
@@ -531,7 +529,7 @@ func (c *defaultContext) TexParameteri(target uint32, pname uint32, param int32)
 }
 
 func (c *defaultContext) TexSubImage2D(target uint32, level int32, xoffset int32, yoffset int32, width int32, height int32, format uint32, xtype uint32, pixels []byte) {
-	arr := jsutil.TemporaryUint8ArrayFromUint8Slice(len(pixels), pixels)
+	arr := tmpUint8ArrayFromUint8Slice(len(pixels), pixels)
 	// void texSubImage2D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset,
 	//                    GLsizei width, GLsizei height,
 	//                    GLenum format, GLenum type, ArrayBufferView pixels, srcOffset);
@@ -540,7 +538,7 @@ func (c *defaultContext) TexSubImage2D(target uint32, level int32, xoffset int32
 
 func (c *defaultContext) Uniform1fv(location int32, value []float32) {
 	l := c.getUniformLocation(location)
-	arr := jsutil.TemporaryFloat32Array(len(value), value)
+	arr := tmpFloat32ArrayFromFloat32Slice(len(value), value)
 	c.fnUniform1fv.Invoke(l, arr, 0, len(value))
 }
 
@@ -551,61 +549,61 @@ func (c *defaultContext) Uniform1i(location int32, v0 int32) {
 
 func (c *defaultContext) Uniform1iv(location int32, value []int32) {
 	l := c.getUniformLocation(location)
-	arr := jsutil.TemporaryInt32Array(len(value), value)
+	arr := tmpInt32ArrayFromInt32Slice(len(value), value)
 	c.fnUniform1iv.Invoke(l, arr, 0, len(value))
 }
 
 func (c *defaultContext) Uniform2fv(location int32, value []float32) {
 	l := c.getUniformLocation(location)
-	arr := jsutil.TemporaryFloat32Array(len(value), value)
+	arr := tmpFloat32ArrayFromFloat32Slice(len(value), value)
 	c.fnUniform2fv.Invoke(l, arr, 0, len(value))
 }
 
 func (c *defaultContext) Uniform2iv(location int32, value []int32) {
 	l := c.getUniformLocation(location)
-	arr := jsutil.TemporaryInt32Array(len(value), value)
+	arr := tmpInt32ArrayFromInt32Slice(len(value), value)
 	c.fnUniform2iv.Invoke(l, arr, 0, len(value))
 }
 
 func (c *defaultContext) Uniform3fv(location int32, value []float32) {
 	l := c.getUniformLocation(location)
-	arr := jsutil.TemporaryFloat32Array(len(value), value)
+	arr := tmpFloat32ArrayFromFloat32Slice(len(value), value)
 	c.fnUniform3fv.Invoke(l, arr, 0, len(value))
 }
 
 func (c *defaultContext) Uniform3iv(location int32, value []int32) {
 	l := c.getUniformLocation(location)
-	arr := jsutil.TemporaryInt32Array(len(value), value)
+	arr := tmpInt32ArrayFromInt32Slice(len(value), value)
 	c.fnUniform3iv.Invoke(l, arr, 0, len(value))
 }
 
 func (c *defaultContext) Uniform4fv(location int32, value []float32) {
 	l := c.getUniformLocation(location)
-	arr := jsutil.TemporaryFloat32Array(len(value), value)
+	arr := tmpFloat32ArrayFromFloat32Slice(len(value), value)
 	c.fnUniform4fv.Invoke(l, arr, 0, len(value))
 }
 
 func (c *defaultContext) Uniform4iv(location int32, value []int32) {
 	l := c.getUniformLocation(location)
-	arr := jsutil.TemporaryInt32Array(len(value), value)
+	arr := tmpInt32ArrayFromInt32Slice(len(value), value)
 	c.fnUniform4iv.Invoke(l, arr, 0, len(value))
 }
 
 func (c *defaultContext) UniformMatrix2fv(location int32, value []float32) {
 	l := c.getUniformLocation(location)
-	arr := jsutil.TemporaryFloat32Array(len(value), value)
+	arr := tmpFloat32ArrayFromFloat32Slice(len(value), value)
 	c.fnUniformMatrix2fv.Invoke(l, false, arr, 0, len(value))
 }
 
 func (c *defaultContext) UniformMatrix3fv(location int32, value []float32) {
 	l := c.getUniformLocation(location)
-	arr := jsutil.TemporaryFloat32Array(len(value), value)
+	arr := tmpFloat32ArrayFromFloat32Slice(len(value), value)
 	c.fnUniformMatrix3fv.Invoke(l, false, arr, 0, len(value))
 }
 
 func (c *defaultContext) UniformMatrix4fv(location int32, value []float32) {
 	l := c.getUniformLocation(location)
-	arr := jsutil.TemporaryFloat32Array(len(value), value)
+	arr := tmpFloat32ArrayFromFloat32Slice(len(value), value)
 	c.fnUniformMatrix4fv.Invoke(l, false, arr, 0, len(value))
 }
 

internal/graphicsdriver/opengl/gl/procaddr_darwin.go

@@ -38,8 +38,7 @@ func (c *defaultContext) init() error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	// TODO: Use multiple %w-s as of Go 1.20
+	return fmt.Errorf("gl: failed to load: OpenGL.framework: %w, OpenGLES.framework: %w", errGL, errGLES)
-	return fmt.Errorf("gl: failed to load: OpenGL.framework: %v, OpenGLES.framework: %v", errGL, errGLES)
 }
 
 func (c *defaultContext) getProcAddress(name string) (uintptr, error) {

internal/graphicsdriver/opengl/gl/procaddr_linbsd.go

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
 package gl
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/ebitengine/purego"
 )
@@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ var (
 )
 
 func (c *defaultContext) init() error {
-	// TODO: Use multiple %w-s as of Go 1.20.
+	var errs []error
-	var errors []string
 
 	// Try OpenGL ES first. Some machines like Android and Raspberry Pi might work only with OpenGL ES.
 	for _, name := range []string{"libGLESv2.so", "libGLESv2.so.2", "libGLESv2.so.1", "libGLESv2.so.0"} {
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ func (c *defaultContext) init() error {
 			c.isES = true
 			return nil
 		}
-		errors = append(errors, fmt.Sprintf("%s: %v", name, err))
+		errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("gl: Dlopen failed: name: %s: %w", name, err))
 	}
 
 	// Try OpenGL next.
@@ -54,10 +53,11 @@ func (c *defaultContext) init() error {
 			libGL = lib
 			return nil
 		}
-		errors = append(errors, fmt.Sprintf("%s: %v", name, err))
+		errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("gl: Dlopen failed: name: %s: %w", name, err))
 	}
 
-	return fmt.Errorf("gl: failed to load libGL.so and libGLESv2.so: %s", strings.Join(errors, ", "))
+	errs = append([]error{fmt.Errorf("gl: failed to load libGL.so and libGLESv2.so: ")}, errs...)
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
 }
 
 func (c *defaultContext) getProcAddress(name string) (uintptr, error) {

internal/graphicsdriver/opengl/gl/slice_js.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-package jsutil
+package gl
 
 import (
 	"runtime"
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ func copyUint8SliceToTemporaryArrayBuffer(src []uint8) {
 	if len(src) == 0 {
 		return
 	}
-	js.CopyBytesToJS(temporaryUint8Array, src)
+	js.CopyBytesToJS(tmpUint8Array, src)
 }
 
 type numeric interface {
@@ -35,6 +35,6 @@ func copySliceToTemporaryArrayBuffer[T numeric](src []T) {
 	if len(src) == 0 {
 		return
 	}
-	js.CopyBytesToJS(temporaryUint8Array, unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&src[0])), len(src)*int(unsafe.Sizeof(T(0)))))
+	js.CopyBytesToJS(tmpUint8Array, unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&src[0])), len(src)*int(unsafe.Sizeof(T(0)))))
 	runtime.KeepAlive(src)
 }

internal/jsutil/doc_js.go

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2019 The Ebiten Authors
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-// This can be compiled in non-JS environments to avoid a mysterious error: 'no Go source files'
-// See https://travis-ci.org/hajimehoshi/ebiten/builds/603539948
-
-// Package jsutil offers utility functions for Wasm.
-package jsutil

internal/mipmap/mipmap.go

@@ -41,7 +41,12 @@ type Mipmap struct {
 	height    int
 	imageType atlas.ImageType
 	orig      *buffered.Image
-	imgs      map[int]*buffered.Image
+	imgs      map[int]imageWithDirtyFlag
+}
+
+type imageWithDirtyFlag struct {
+	img   *buffered.Image
+	dirty bool
 }
 
 func New(width, height int, imageType atlas.ImageType) *Mipmap {
@@ -59,7 +64,14 @@ func (m *Mipmap) DumpScreenshot(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, name str
 
 func (m *Mipmap) WritePixels(pix []byte, region image.Rectangle) {
 	m.orig.WritePixels(pix, region)
-	m.deallocateMipmaps()
+	m.markDirty()
+}
+
+func (m *Mipmap) markDirty() {
+	for i, img := range m.imgs {
+		img.dirty = true
+		m.imgs[i] = img
+	}
 }
 
 func (m *Mipmap) ReadPixels(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, pixels []byte, region image.Rectangle) (ok bool, err error) {
@@ -125,14 +137,17 @@ func (m *Mipmap) DrawTriangles(srcs [graphics.ShaderSrcImageCount]*Mipmap, verti
 	}
 
 	m.orig.DrawTriangles(imgs, vertices, indices, blend, dstRegion, srcRegions, shader, uniforms, fillRule, hint)
-	m.deallocateMipmaps()
+	m.markDirty()
 }
 
 func (m *Mipmap) setImg(level int, img *buffered.Image) {
 	if m.imgs == nil {
-		m.imgs = map[int]*buffered.Image{}
+		m.imgs = map[int]imageWithDirtyFlag{}
+	}
+	m.imgs[level] = imageWithDirtyFlag{
+		img:   img,
+		dirty: false,
 	}
-	m.imgs[level] = img
 }
 
 func (m *Mipmap) level(level int) *buffered.Image {
@@ -144,54 +159,63 @@ func (m *Mipmap) level(level int) *buffered.Image {
 		panic("mipmap: mipmap images for a screen image is not implemented yet")
 	}
 
-	if img, ok := m.imgs[level]; ok {
+	img, ok := m.imgs[level]
-		return img
+	if ok && !img.dirty {
+		return img.img
 	}
 
+	var srcW, srcH int
 	var src *buffered.Image
 	vs := make([]float32, 4*graphics.VertexFloatCount)
 	switch {
 	case level == 1:
 		src = m.orig
-		graphics.QuadVerticesFromSrcAndMatrix(vs, 0, 0, float32(m.width), float32(m.height), 0.5, 0, 0, 0.5, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1)
+		srcW = m.width
+		srcH = m.height
 	case level > 1:
 		src = m.level(level - 1)
 		if src == nil {
 			m.setImg(level, nil)
 			return nil
 		}
-		w := sizeForLevel(m.width, level-1)
+		srcW = sizeForLevel(m.width, level-1)
-		h := sizeForLevel(m.height, level-1)
+		srcH = sizeForLevel(m.height, level-1)
-		graphics.QuadVerticesFromSrcAndMatrix(vs, 0, 0, float32(w), float32(h), 0.5, 0, 0, 0.5, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1)
 	default:
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("mipmap: invalid level: %d", level))
 	}
+
+	graphics.QuadVerticesFromSrcAndMatrix(vs, 0, 0, float32(srcW), float32(srcH), 0.5, 0, 0, 0.5, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1)
+
 	is := graphics.QuadIndices()
 
-	w2 := sizeForLevel(m.width, level)
+	dstW := sizeForLevel(m.width, level)
-	h2 := sizeForLevel(m.height, level)
+	dstH := sizeForLevel(m.height, level)
-	if w2 == 0 || h2 == 0 {
+	if dstW == 0 || dstH == 0 {
 		m.setImg(level, nil)
 		return nil
 	}
 	// buffered.NewImage panics with a too big size when actual allocation happens.
 	// 4096 should be a safe size in most environments (#1399).
 	// Unfortunately a precise max image size cannot be obtained here since this requires GPU access.
-	if w2 > 4096 || h2 > 4096 {
+	if dstW > 4096 || dstH > 4096 {
 		m.setImg(level, nil)
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	s := buffered.NewImage(w2, h2, m.imageType)
+	var s *buffered.Image
+	if img.img != nil {
+		// As s is overwritten, this doesn't have to be cleared.
+		s = img.img
+	} else {
+		s = buffered.NewImage(dstW, dstH, m.imageType)
+	}
 
-	dstRegion := image.Rect(0, 0, w2, h2)
+	dstRegion := image.Rect(0, 0, dstW, dstH)
-	w := sizeForLevel(m.width, level-1)
+	srcRegion := image.Rect(0, 0, srcW, srcH)
-	h := sizeForLevel(m.height, level-1)
-	srcRegion := image.Rect(0, 0, w, h)
 	s.DrawTriangles([graphics.ShaderSrcImageCount]*buffered.Image{src}, vs, is, graphicsdriver.BlendCopy, dstRegion, [graphics.ShaderSrcImageCount]image.Rectangle{srcRegion}, atlas.LinearFilterShader, nil, graphicsdriver.FillRuleFillAll, restorable.HintOverwriteDstRegion)
 	m.setImg(level, s)
 
-	return m.imgs[level]
+	return m.imgs[level].img
 }
 
 func sizeForLevel(x int, level int) int {
@@ -205,19 +229,16 @@ func sizeForLevel(x int, level int) int {
 }
 
 func (m *Mipmap) Deallocate() {
-	m.deallocateMipmaps()
-	m.orig.Deallocate()
-}
-
-func (m *Mipmap) deallocateMipmaps() {
 	for _, img := range m.imgs {
-		if img != nil {
+		if img.img == nil {
-			img.Deallocate()
+			continue
 		}
+		img.img.Deallocate()
 	}
 	for k := range m.imgs {
 		delete(m.imgs, k)
 	}
+	m.orig.Deallocate()
 }
 
 // mipmapLevel returns an appropriate mipmap level for the given distance.

internal/png/gen.go

@@ -136,18 +136,6 @@ func run() error {
 		fmt.Fprintln(w)
 		format.Node(w, fset, tree)
 
-		if f == "reader.go" {
-			// The min function was removed as of Go 1.22, but this is needed for old Go.
-			// TODO: Remove this when Go 1.21 is the minimum supported version.
-			fmt.Fprintln(w, `
-func min(a, b int) int {
-	if a < b {
-		return a
-	}
-	return b
-}`)
-		}
-
 		if err := w.Flush(); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

internal/png/stdlibreader.go

@@ -1054,10 +1054,3 @@ func DecodeConfig(r io.Reader) (image.Config, error) {
 func init() {
 
 }
-
-func min(a, b int) int {
-	if a < b {
-		return a
-	}
-	return b
-}

internal/ui/context.go

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ type context struct {
 	offscreenHeight float64
 
 	isOffscreenModified bool
-	lastDrawTime        time.Time
+	lastSwapBufferTime  time.Time
 
 	skipCount int
 
@@ -70,7 +70,14 @@ func newContext(game Game) *context {
 
 func (c *context) updateFrame(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, outsideWidth, outsideHeight float64, deviceScaleFactor float64, ui *UserInterface) error {
 	// TODO: If updateCount is 0 and vsync is disabled, swapping buffers can be skipped.
-	return c.updateFrameImpl(graphicsDriver, clock.UpdateFrame(), outsideWidth, outsideHeight, deviceScaleFactor, ui, false)
+	needsSwapBuffers, err := c.updateFrameImpl(graphicsDriver, clock.UpdateFrame(), outsideWidth, outsideHeight, deviceScaleFactor, ui, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := c.swapBuffersOrWait(needsSwapBuffers, graphicsDriver, ui.FPSMode() == FPSModeVsyncOn); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (c *context) forceUpdateFrame(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, outsideWidth, outsideHeight float64, deviceScaleFactor float64, ui *UserInterface) error {
@@ -81,33 +88,32 @@ func (c *context) forceUpdateFrame(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, outsi
 		n = 2
 	}
 	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
-		if err := c.updateFrameImpl(graphicsDriver, 1, outsideWidth, outsideHeight, deviceScaleFactor, ui, true); err != nil {
+		needsSwapBuffers, err := c.updateFrameImpl(graphicsDriver, 1, outsideWidth, outsideHeight, deviceScaleFactor, ui, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := c.swapBuffersOrWait(needsSwapBuffers, graphicsDriver, ui.FPSMode() == FPSModeVsyncOn); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (c *context) updateFrameImpl(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, updateCount int, outsideWidth, outsideHeight float64, deviceScaleFactor float64, ui *UserInterface, forceDraw bool) (err error) {
+func (c *context) updateFrameImpl(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, updateCount int, outsideWidth, outsideHeight float64, deviceScaleFactor float64, ui *UserInterface, forceDraw bool) (needsSwapBuffers bool, err error) {
 	// The given outside size can be 0 e.g. just after restoring from the fullscreen mode on Windows (#1589)
 	// Just ignore such cases. Otherwise, creating a zero-sized framebuffer causes a panic.
 	if outsideWidth == 0 || outsideHeight == 0 {
-		return nil
+		return false, nil
 	}
 
 	debug.FrameLogf("----\n")
 
 	if err := atlas.BeginFrame(graphicsDriver); err != nil {
-		return err
+		return false, err
 	}
-
 	defer func() {
 		if err1 := atlas.EndFrame(); err1 != nil && err == nil {
-			err = err1
+			needsSwapBuffers = false
-			return
-		}
-
-		if err1 := atlas.SwapBuffers(graphicsDriver); err1 != nil && err == nil {
 			err = err1
 			return
 		}
@@ -115,17 +121,17 @@ func (c *context) updateFrameImpl(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, update
 
 	// Flush deferred functions, like reading pixels from GPU.
 	if err := c.processFuncsInFrame(ui); err != nil {
-		return err
+		return false, err
 	}
 
 	// ForceUpdate can be invoked even if the context is not initialized yet (#1591).
 	if w, h := c.layoutGame(outsideWidth, outsideHeight, deviceScaleFactor); w == 0 || h == 0 {
-		return nil
+		return false, nil
 	}
 
 	// Update the input state after the layout is updated as a cursor position is affected by the layout.
 	if err := ui.updateInputState(); err != nil {
-		return err
+		return false, err
 	}
 
 	// Ensure that Update is called once before Draw so that Update can be used for initialization.
@@ -143,15 +149,15 @@ func (c *context) updateFrameImpl(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, update
 		})
 
 		if err := hook.RunBeforeUpdateHooks(); err != nil {
-			return err
+			return false, err
 		}
 		if err := c.game.Update(); err != nil {
-			return err
+			return false, err
 		}
 
 		// Catch the error that happened at (*Image).At.
 		if err := ui.error(); err != nil {
-			return err
+			return false, err
 		}
 
 		ui.tick.Add(1)
@@ -160,12 +166,38 @@ func (c *context) updateFrameImpl(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, update
 	// Update window icons during a frame, since an icon might be *ebiten.Image and
 	// getting pixels from it needs to be in a frame (#1468).
 	if err := ui.updateIconIfNeeded(); err != nil {
-		return err
+		return false, err
 	}
 
 	// Draw the game.
-	if err := c.drawGame(graphicsDriver, ui, forceDraw); err != nil {
+	return c.drawGame(graphicsDriver, ui, forceDraw)
-		return err
+}
+
+func (c *context) swapBuffersOrWait(needsSwapBuffers bool, graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, vsyncEnabled bool) error {
+	now := time.Now()
+	defer func() {
+		c.lastSwapBufferTime = now
+	}()
+
+	if needsSwapBuffers {
+		if err := atlas.SwapBuffers(graphicsDriver); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	var waitTime time.Duration
+	if !needsSwapBuffers {
+		// When swapping buffers is skipped and Draw is called too early, sleep for a while to suppress CPU usages (#2890).
+		waitTime = time.Second / 60
+	} else if vsyncEnabled {
+		// In some environments, e.g. Linux on Parallels, SwapBuffers doesn't wait for the vsync (#2952).
+		// In the case when the display has high refresh rates like 240 [Hz], the wait time should be small.
+		waitTime = time.Millisecond
+	}
+	if waitTime > 0 {
+		if delta := waitTime - now.Sub(c.lastSwapBufferTime); delta > 0 {
+			time.Sleep(delta)
+		}
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -179,7 +211,7 @@ func (c *context) newOffscreenImage(w, h int) *Image {
 	return img
 }
 
-func (c *context) drawGame(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, ui *UserInterface, forceDraw bool) error {
+func (c *context) drawGame(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, ui *UserInterface, forceDraw bool) (needSwapBuffers bool, err error) {
 	if (c.offscreen.imageType == atlas.ImageTypeVolatile) != ui.IsScreenClearedEveryFrame() {
 		w, h := c.offscreen.width, c.offscreen.height
 		c.offscreen.Deallocate()
@@ -197,7 +229,7 @@ func (c *context) drawGame(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, ui *UserInter
 	}
 
 	if err := c.game.DrawOffscreen(); err != nil {
-		return err
+		return false, err
 	}
 
 	const maxSkipCount = 4
@@ -210,28 +242,21 @@ func (c *context) drawGame(graphicsDriver graphicsdriver.Graphics, ui *UserInter
 		c.skipCount = 0
 	}
 
-	now := time.Now()
+	if c.skipCount >= maxSkipCount {
-	defer func() {
+		return false, nil
-		c.lastDrawTime = now
-	}()
-
-	if c.skipCount < maxSkipCount {
-		if graphicsDriver.NeedsClearingScreen() {
-			// This clear is needed for fullscreen mode or some mobile platforms (#622).
-			c.screen.clear()
-		}
-
-		c.game.DrawFinalScreen(c.screenScaleAndOffsets())
-
-		// The final screen is never used as the rendering source.
-		// Flush its buffer here just in case.
-		c.screen.flushBufferIfNeeded()
-	} else if delta := time.Second/60 - now.Sub(c.lastDrawTime); delta > 0 {
-		// When swapping buffers is skipped and Draw is called too early, sleep for a while to suppress CPU usages (#2890).
-		time.Sleep(delta)
 	}
 
-	return nil
+	if graphicsDriver.NeedsClearingScreen() {
+		// This clear is needed for fullscreen mode or some mobile platforms (#622).
+		c.screen.clear()
+	}
+
+	c.game.DrawFinalScreen(c.screenScaleAndOffsets())
+
+	// The final screen is never used as the rendering source.
+	// Flush its buffer here just in case.
+	c.screen.flushBufferIfNeeded()
+	return true, nil
 }
 
 func (c *context) layoutGame(outsideWidth, outsideHeight float64, deviceScaleFactor float64) (int, int) {
@@ -240,8 +265,13 @@ func (c *context) layoutGame(outsideWidth, outsideHeight float64, deviceScaleFac
 		panic("ui: Layout must return positive numbers")
 	}
 
-	c.screenWidth = outsideWidth * deviceScaleFactor
+	screenWidth := outsideWidth * deviceScaleFactor
-	c.screenHeight = outsideHeight * deviceScaleFactor
+	screenHeight := outsideHeight * deviceScaleFactor
+	if c.screenWidth != screenWidth || c.screenHeight != screenHeight {
+		c.skipCount = 0
+	}
+	c.screenWidth = screenWidth
+	c.screenHeight = screenHeight
 	c.offscreenWidth = owf
 	c.offscreenHeight = ohf
 

internal/ui/ui_android.go

@@ -18,15 +18,19 @@ package ui
 #include <jni.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
-// Basically same as:
+// The following JNI code works as this pseudo Java code:
 //
 //     WindowService windowService = context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
 //     Display display = windowManager.getDefaultDisplay();
 //     DisplayMetrics displayMetrics = new DisplayMetrics();
 //     display.getRealMetrics(displayMetrics);
-//     this.deviceScale = displayMetrics.density;
+//     return displayMetrics.widthPixels, displayMetrics.heightPixels, displayMetrics.density;
 //
-static float deviceScale(uintptr_t java_vm, uintptr_t jni_env, uintptr_t ctx) {
+static void displayInfo(int* width, int* height, float* scale, uintptr_t java_vm, uintptr_t jni_env, uintptr_t ctx) {
+  *width = 0;
+  *height = 0;
+  *scale = 1;
+
   JavaVM* vm = (JavaVM*)java_vm;
   JNIEnv* env = (JNIEnv*)jni_env;
   jobject context = (jobject)ctx;
@@ -64,7 +68,15 @@ static float deviceScale(uintptr_t java_vm, uintptr_t jni_env, uintptr_t ctx) {
       env, display,
       (*env)->GetMethodID(env, android_view_Display, "getRealMetrics", "(Landroid/util/DisplayMetrics;)V"),
       displayMetrics);
-  const float density =
+  *width =
+      (*env)->GetIntField(
+          env, displayMetrics,
+          (*env)->GetFieldID(env, android_util_DisplayMetrics, "widthPixels", "I"));
+  *height =
+      (*env)->GetIntField(
+          env, displayMetrics,
+          (*env)->GetFieldID(env, android_util_DisplayMetrics, "heightPixels", "I"));
+  *scale =
       (*env)->GetFloatField(
           env, displayMetrics,
           (*env)->GetFieldID(env, android_util_DisplayMetrics, "density", "F"));
@@ -78,15 +90,12 @@ static float deviceScale(uintptr_t java_vm, uintptr_t jni_env, uintptr_t ctx) {
   (*env)->DeleteLocalRef(env, windowManager);
   (*env)->DeleteLocalRef(env, display);
   (*env)->DeleteLocalRef(env, displayMetrics);
-
-  return density;
 }
 */
 import "C"
 
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/ebitengine/gomobile/app"
 
@@ -119,18 +128,27 @@ func (*graphicsDriverCreatorImpl) newPlayStation5() (graphicsdriver.Graphics, er
 	return nil, errors.New("ui: PlayStation 5 is not supported in this environment")
 }
 
-func deviceScaleFactorImpl() float64 {
-	var s float64
-	if err := app.RunOnJVM(func(vm, env, ctx uintptr) error {
-		// TODO: This might be crash when this is called from init(). How can we detect this?
-		s = float64(C.deviceScale(C.uintptr_t(vm), C.uintptr_t(env), C.uintptr_t(ctx)))
-		return nil
-	}); err != nil {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("devicescale: error %v", err))
-	}
-	return s
-}
-
 func dipToNativePixels(x float64, scale float64) float64 {
 	return x * scale
 }
+
+func dipFromNativePixels(x float64, scale float64) float64 {
+	return x / scale
+}
+
+func (u *UserInterface) displayInfo() (int, int, float64, bool) {
+	var cWidth, cHeight C.int
+	var cScale C.float
+	if err := app.RunOnJVM(func(vm, env, ctx uintptr) error {
+		C.displayInfo(&cWidth, &cHeight, &cScale, C.uintptr_t(vm), C.uintptr_t(env), C.uintptr_t(ctx))
+		return nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		// JVM is not ready yet.
+		// TODO: Fix gomobile to detect the error type for this case.
+		return 0, 0, 1, false
+	}
+	scale := float64(cScale)
+	width := int(dipFromNativePixels(float64(cWidth), scale))
+	height := int(dipFromNativePixels(float64(cHeight), scale))
+	return width, height, scale, true
+}

internal/ui/ui_glfw.go

@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ type userInterfaceImpl struct {
 	initWindowMaximized        bool
 	initWindowMousePassthrough bool
 
+	initUnfocused bool
+
 	// bufferOnceSwapped must be accessed from the main thread.
 	bufferOnceSwapped bool
 
@@ -1119,6 +1121,7 @@ func (u *UserInterface) initOnMainThread(options *RunOptions) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	u.initUnfocused = options.InitUnfocused
 	focused := glfw.True
 	if options.InitUnfocused {
 		focused = glfw.False
@@ -1320,8 +1323,10 @@ func (u *UserInterface) update() (float64, float64, error) {
 			if err = u.window.Show(); err != nil {
 				return
 			}
-			if err = u.window.Focus(); err != nil {
+			if !u.initUnfocused {
-				return
+				if err = u.window.Focus(); err != nil {
+					return
+				}
 			}
 
 			if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" || runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
@@ -1383,7 +1388,9 @@ func (u *UserInterface) update() (float64, float64, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	for !u.isRunnableOnUnfocused() {
+	// If isRunnableOnUnfocused is false and the window is not focused, wait here.
+	// For the first update, skip this check as the window might not be seen yet in some environments like ChromeOS (#3091).
+	for !u.isRunnableOnUnfocused() && u.bufferOnceSwapped {
 		// In the initial state on macOS, the window is not shown (#2620).
 		visible, err := u.window.GetAttrib(glfw.Visible)
 		if err != nil {

internal/ui/ui_ios.go

@@ -19,8 +19,43 @@ package ui
 //
 // #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
 //
-// static double devicePixelRatio() {
+// static void displayInfoOnMainThread(float* width, float* height, float* scale, UIView* view) {
-//   return [[UIScreen mainScreen] nativeScale];
+//   *width = 0;
+//   *height = 0;
+//   *scale = 1;
+//   UIWindow* window = view.window;
+//   if (!window) {
+//     return;
+//   }
+//   UIWindowScene* scene = window.windowScene;
+//   if (!scene) {
+//     return;
+//   }
+//   CGRect bounds = scene.screen.bounds;
+//   *width = bounds.size.width;
+//   *height = bounds.size.height;
+//   *scale = scene.screen.nativeScale;
+// }
+//
+// static void displayInfo(float* width, float* height, float* scale, uintptr_t viewPtr) {
+//   *width = 0;
+//   *height = 0;
+//   *scale = 1;
+//   if (!viewPtr) {
+//     return;
+//   }
+//   UIView* view = (__bridge UIView*)(void*)viewPtr;
+//   if ([NSThread isMainThread]) {
+//     displayInfoOnMainThread(width, height, scale, view);
+//     return;
+//   }
+//   __block float w, h, s;
+//   dispatch_sync(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
+//     displayInfoOnMainThread(&w, &h, &s, view);
+//   });
+//   *width = w;
+//   *height = h;
+//   *scale = s;
 // }
 import "C"
 
@@ -66,6 +101,7 @@ func (*graphicsDriverCreatorImpl) newPlayStation5() (graphicsdriver.Graphics, er
 }
 
 func (u *UserInterface) SetUIView(uiview uintptr) error {
+	u.uiView.Store(uiview)
 	select {
 	case err := <-u.errCh:
 		return err
@@ -89,11 +125,24 @@ func (u *UserInterface) IsGL() (bool, error) {
 	return u.GraphicsLibrary() == GraphicsLibraryOpenGL, nil
 }
 
-func deviceScaleFactorImpl() float64 {
-	// TODO: Can this be called from non-main threads?
-	return float64(C.devicePixelRatio())
-}
-
 func dipToNativePixels(x float64, scale float64) float64 {
 	return x
 }
+
+func dipFromNativePixels(x float64, scale float64) float64 {
+	return x
+}
+
+func (u *UserInterface) displayInfo() (int, int, float64, bool) {
+	view := u.uiView.Load()
+	if view == 0 {
+		return 0, 0, 1, false
+	}
+
+	var cWidth, cHeight, cScale C.float
+	C.displayInfo(&cWidth, &cHeight, &cScale, C.uintptr_t(view))
+	scale := float64(cScale)
+	width := int(dipFromNativePixels(float64(cWidth), scale))
+	height := int(dipFromNativePixels(float64(cHeight), scale))
+	return width, height, scale, true
+}

internal/ui/ui_js.go

@@ -539,6 +539,10 @@ func (u *UserInterface) init() error {
 	}))
 	document.Call("addEventListener", "pointerlockerror", js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
 		js.Global().Get("console").Call("error", "pointerlockerror event is fired. 'sandbox=\"allow-pointer-lock\"' might be required at an iframe. This function on browsers must be called as a result of a gestural interaction or orientation change.")
+		if u.cursorMode == CursorModeCaptured {
+			u.recoverCursorMode()
+		}
+		u.recoverCursorPosition()
 		return nil
 	}))
 	document.Call("addEventListener", "fullscreenerror", js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) any {

internal/ui/ui_mobile.go

@@ -104,6 +104,9 @@ type userInterfaceImpl struct {
 	strictContextRestoration     atomic.Bool
 	strictContextRestorationOnce sync.Once
 
+	// uiView is used only on iOS.
+	uiView atomic.Uintptr
+
 	m sync.RWMutex
 }
 
@@ -265,8 +268,10 @@ func (u *UserInterface) Window() Window {
 }
 
 type Monitor struct {
-	deviceScaleFactor     float64
+	width             int
-	deviceScaleFactorOnce sync.Once
+	height            int
+	deviceScaleFactor float64
+	inited            atomic.Bool
 
 	m sync.Mutex
 }
@@ -277,22 +282,35 @@ func (m *Monitor) Name() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
-func (m *Monitor) DeviceScaleFactor() float64 {
+func (m *Monitor) ensureInit() {
+	if m.inited.Load() {
+		return
+	}
+
 	m.m.Lock()
 	defer m.m.Unlock()
+	// Re-check the state since the state might be changed while locking.
+	if m.inited.Load() {
+		return
+	}
+	width, height, scale, ok := theUI.displayInfo()
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	m.width = width
+	m.height = height
+	m.deviceScaleFactor = scale
+	m.inited.Store(true)
+}
 
-	// The device scale factor can be obtained after the main function starts, especially on Android.
+func (m *Monitor) DeviceScaleFactor() float64 {
-	// Initialize this lazily.
+	m.ensureInit()
-	m.deviceScaleFactorOnce.Do(func() {
-		// Assume that the device scale factor never changes on mobiles.
-		m.deviceScaleFactor = deviceScaleFactorImpl()
-	})
 	return m.deviceScaleFactor
 }
 
 func (m *Monitor) Size() (int, int) {
-	// TODO: Return a valid value.
+	m.ensureInit()
-	return 0, 0
+	return m.width, m.height
 }
 
 func (u *UserInterface) AppendMonitors(mons []*Monitor) []*Monitor {

monitor.go

@@ -32,8 +32,7 @@ func (m *MonitorType) Name() string {
 // DeviceScaleFactor returns a meaningful value on high-DPI display environment,
 // otherwise DeviceScaleFactor returns 1.
 //
-// DeviceScaleFactor might panic on init function on some devices like Android.
+// On mobiles, DeviceScaleFactor returns 1 before the game starts e.g. in init functions.
-// Then, it is not recommended to call DeviceScaleFactor from init functions.
 func (m *MonitorType) DeviceScaleFactor() float64 {
 	return (*ui.Monitor)(m).DeviceScaleFactor()
 }
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ func (m *MonitorType) DeviceScaleFactor() float64 {
 // This is the same as the screen size in fullscreen mode.
 // The returned value can be given to SetSize function if the perfectly fit fullscreen is needed.
 //
-// On mobiles, Size returns (0, 0) so far.
+// On mobiles, Size returns (0, 0) before the game starts e.g. in init functions.
 //
 // Size's use cases are limited. If you are making a fullscreen application, you can use RunGame and
 // the Game interface's Layout function instead. If you are making a not-fullscreen application but the application's

mousebuttons.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 // A MouseButton represents a mouse button.
-type MouseButton = ui.MouseButton
+type MouseButton int
 
 // MouseButtons
 const (
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ const (
 	MouseButtonMiddle MouseButton = MouseButton1
 	MouseButtonRight  MouseButton = MouseButton2
 
-	MouseButton0   MouseButton = ui.MouseButton0
+	MouseButton0   MouseButton = MouseButton(ui.MouseButton0)
-	MouseButton1   MouseButton = ui.MouseButton1
+	MouseButton1   MouseButton = MouseButton(ui.MouseButton1)
-	MouseButton2   MouseButton = ui.MouseButton2
+	MouseButton2   MouseButton = MouseButton(ui.MouseButton2)
-	MouseButton3   MouseButton = ui.MouseButton3
+	MouseButton3   MouseButton = MouseButton(ui.MouseButton3)
-	MouseButton4   MouseButton = ui.MouseButton4
+	MouseButton4   MouseButton = MouseButton(ui.MouseButton4)
 	MouseButtonMax MouseButton = MouseButton4
 )

run.go

@@ -297,27 +297,6 @@ type RunGameOptions struct {
 
 	// X11InstanceName is an instance name in the ICCCM WM_CLASS window property.
 	X11InstanceName string
-
-	// StrictContextRestration indicates whether the context lost should be restored strictly by Ebitengine or not.
-	//
-	// StrictContextRestration is available only on Android. Otherwise, StrictContextRestration is ignored.
-	//
-	// In Android, Ebitengien uses `GLSurfaceView`'s `setPreserveEGLContextOnPause(true)`.
-	// This works in most cases, but it is still possible that the context is lost in some minor cases.
-	//
-	// When StrictContextRestration is true, Ebitengine tries to restore the context more strictly
-	// for such minor cases.
-	// However, this might cause a performance issue since Ebitengine tries to keep all the information
-	// to restore the context.
-	//
-	// When StrictContextRestration is false, Ebitengine does nothing special to restore the context and
-	// relies on the OS's behavior.
-	//
-	// As a side note, especially when StrictContextRestration is false, the activity's launch mode should
-	// be singleInstance, or the activity no longer works correctly after the context is lost.
-	//
-	// The default (zero) value is false.
-	StrictContextRestration bool
 }
 
 // RunGameWithOptions starts the main loop and runs the game with the specified options.
@@ -405,7 +384,7 @@ func ScreenSizeInFullscreen() (int, int) {
 //
 // CursorMode is concurrent-safe.
 func CursorMode() CursorModeType {
-	return ui.Get().CursorMode()
+	return CursorModeType(ui.Get().CursorMode())
 }
 
 // SetCursorMode sets the render and capture mode of the mouse cursor.
@@ -427,25 +406,7 @@ func CursorMode() CursorModeType {
 //
 // SetCursorMode is concurrent-safe.
 func SetCursorMode(mode CursorModeType) {
-	ui.Get().SetCursorMode(mode)
+	ui.Get().SetCursorMode(ui.CursorMode(mode))
-}
-
-// CursorShape returns the current cursor shape.
-//
-// CursorShape returns CursorShapeDefault on mobiles.
-//
-// CursorShape is concurrent-safe.
-func CursorShape() CursorShapeType {
-	return ui.Get().CursorShape()
-}
-
-// SetCursorShape sets the cursor shape.
-//
-// If the platform doesn't implement the given shape, the default cursor shape is used.
-//
-// SetCursorShape is concurrent-safe.
-func SetCursorShape(shape CursorShapeType) {
-	ui.Get().SetCursorShape(shape)
 }
 
 // IsFullscreen reports whether the current mode is fullscreen or not.
@@ -549,14 +510,14 @@ func SetVsyncEnabled(enabled bool) {
 // FPSModeType is a type of FPS modes.
 //
 // Deprecated: as of v2.5. Use SetVsyncEnabled instead.
-type FPSModeType = ui.FPSModeType
+type FPSModeType int
 
 const (
 	// FPSModeVsyncOn indicates that the game tries to sync the display's refresh rate.
 	// FPSModeVsyncOn is the default mode.
 	//
 	// Deprecated: as of v2.5. Use SetVsyncEnabled(true) instead.
-	FPSModeVsyncOn FPSModeType = ui.FPSModeVsyncOn
+	FPSModeVsyncOn FPSModeType = FPSModeType(ui.FPSModeVsyncOn)
 
 	// FPSModeVsyncOffMaximum indicates that the game doesn't sync with vsync, and
 	// the game is updated whenever possible.
@@ -567,7 +528,7 @@ const (
 	// The game's Update is called based on the specified TPS.
 	//
 	// Deprecated: as of v2.5. Use SetVsyncEnabled(false) instead.
-	FPSModeVsyncOffMaximum FPSModeType = ui.FPSModeVsyncOffMaximum
+	FPSModeVsyncOffMaximum FPSModeType = FPSModeType(ui.FPSModeVsyncOffMaximum)
 
 	// FPSModeVsyncOffMinimum indicates that the game doesn't sync with vsync, and
 	// the game is updated only when necessary.
@@ -580,7 +541,7 @@ const (
 	//
 	// Deprecated: as of v2.5. Use SetScreenClearedEveryFrame(false) instead.
 	// See examples/skipdraw for GPU optimization with SetScreenClearedEveryFrame(false).
-	FPSModeVsyncOffMinimum FPSModeType = ui.FPSModeVsyncOffMinimum
+	FPSModeVsyncOffMinimum FPSModeType = FPSModeType(ui.FPSModeVsyncOffMinimum)
 )
 
 // FPSMode returns the current FPS mode.
@@ -589,7 +550,7 @@ const (
 //
 // Deprecated: as of v2.5. Use SetVsyncEnabled instead.
 func FPSMode() FPSModeType {
-	return ui.Get().FPSMode()
+	return FPSModeType(ui.Get().FPSMode())
 }
 
 // SetFPSMode sets the FPS mode.
@@ -599,7 +560,7 @@ func FPSMode() FPSModeType {
 //
 // Deprecated: as of v2.5. Use SetVsyncEnabled instead.
 func SetFPSMode(mode FPSModeType) {
-	ui.Get().SetFPSMode(mode)
+	ui.Get().SetFPSMode(ui.FPSModeType(mode))
 }
 
 // ScheduleFrame schedules a next frame when the current FPS mode is FPSModeVsyncOffMinimum.
@@ -736,17 +697,39 @@ func toUIRunOptions(options *RunGameOptions) *ui.RunOptions {
 	if options.X11InstanceName == "" {
 		options.X11InstanceName = defaultX11InstanceName
 	}
+
+	// ui.RunOptions.StrictContextRestoration is not used so far (#3098).
+	// This might be reused in the future.
+	// The original comment for StrictContextRestration is as follows:
+	//
+	// StrictContextRestration indicates whether the context lost should be restored strictly by Ebitengine or not.
+	//
+	// StrictContextRestration is available only on Android. Otherwise, StrictContextRestration is ignored.
+	// Thus, StrictContextRestration should be used with mobile.SetGameWithOptions, rather than RunGameWithOptions.
+	//
+	// In Android, Ebitengien uses `GLSurfaceView`'s `setPreserveEGLContextOnPause(true)`.
+	// This works in most cases, but it is still possible that the context is lost in some minor cases.
+	//
+	// When StrictContextRestration is true, Ebitengine tries to restore the context more strictly
+	// for such minor cases.
+	// However, this might cause a performance issue since Ebitengine tries to keep all the information
+	// to restore the context.
+	//
+	// When StrictContextRestration is false, Ebitengine does nothing special to restore the context and
+	// relies on the OS's behavior.
+	//
+	// The default (zero) value is false.
+
 	return &ui.RunOptions{
-		GraphicsLibrary:          ui.GraphicsLibrary(options.GraphicsLibrary),
+		GraphicsLibrary:   ui.GraphicsLibrary(options.GraphicsLibrary),
-		InitUnfocused:            options.InitUnfocused,
+		InitUnfocused:     options.InitUnfocused,
-		ScreenTransparent:        options.ScreenTransparent,
+		ScreenTransparent: options.ScreenTransparent,
-		SkipTaskbar:              options.SkipTaskbar,
+		SkipTaskbar:       options.SkipTaskbar,
-		SingleThread:             options.SingleThread,
+		SingleThread:      options.SingleThread,
-		DisableHiDPI:             options.DisableHiDPI,
+		DisableHiDPI:      options.DisableHiDPI,
-		ColorSpace:               graphicsdriver.ColorSpace(options.ColorSpace),
+		ColorSpace:        graphicsdriver.ColorSpace(options.ColorSpace),
-		X11ClassName:             options.X11ClassName,
+		X11ClassName:      options.X11ClassName,
-		X11InstanceName:          options.X11InstanceName,
+		X11InstanceName:   options.X11InstanceName,
-		StrictContextRestoration: options.StrictContextRestration,
 	}
 }
 

text/v2/gotext.go

@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/di"
+	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/font"
 	glanguage "github.com/go-text/typesetting/language"
-	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/opentype/api/font"
-	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/opentype/loader"
 	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/shaping"
 	"golang.org/x/image/math/fixed"
 	"golang.org/x/text/language"
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ func (g *GoTextFace) SetVariation(tag Tag, value float32) {
 	g.variations = append(g.variations, font.Variation{})
 	copy(g.variations[idx+1:], g.variations[idx:])
 	g.variations[idx] = font.Variation{
-		Tag:   loader.Tag(tag),
+		Tag:   font.Tag(tag),
 		Value: value,
 	}
 	g.variationsString = ""
@@ -136,7 +135,7 @@ func (g *GoTextFace) SetFeature(tag Tag, value uint32) {
 	g.features = append(g.features, shaping.FontFeature{})
 	copy(g.features[idx+1:], g.features[idx:])
 	g.features[idx] = shaping.FontFeature{
-		Tag:   loader.Tag(tag),
+		Tag:   font.Tag(tag),
 		Value: value,
 	}
 	g.featuresString = ""
@@ -202,6 +201,21 @@ func (g *GoTextFace) Metrics() Metrics {
 		m.VDescent = float64(-v.Descender) * scale
 	}
 
+	m.XHeight = float64(g.Source.f.LineMetric(font.XHeight)) * scale
+	m.CapHeight = float64(g.Source.f.LineMetric(font.CapHeight)) * scale
+
+	// XHeight and CapHeight might not be correct for some old fonts (go-text/typesetting#169).
+	if m.XHeight <= 0 {
+		if _, gs := g.Source.shape("x", g); len(gs) > 0 {
+			m.XHeight = fixed26_6ToFloat64(-gs[0].bounds.Min.Y)
+		}
+	}
+	if m.CapHeight <= 0 {
+		if _, gs := g.Source.shape("H", g); len(gs) > 0 {
+			m.CapHeight = fixed26_6ToFloat64(-gs[0].bounds.Min.Y)
+		}
+	}
+
 	return m
 }
 

text/v2/gotextfacesource.go

@@ -20,10 +20,8 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/font"
+	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/font/opentype"
 	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/language"
-	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/opentype/api"
-	ofont "github.com/go-text/typesetting/opentype/api/font"
-	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/opentype/loader"
 	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/shaping"
 	"golang.org/x/image/math/fixed"
 )
@@ -42,7 +40,7 @@ type glyph struct {
 	shapingGlyph   *shaping.Glyph
 	startIndex     int
 	endIndex       int
-	scaledSegments []api.Segment
+	scaledSegments []opentype.Segment
 	bounds         fixed.Rectangle26_6
 }
 
@@ -53,7 +51,7 @@ type goTextOutputCacheValue struct {
 }
 
 type goTextGlyphImageCacheKey struct {
-	gid        api.GID
+	gid        opentype.GID
 	xoffset    fixed.Int26_6
 	yoffset    fixed.Int26_6
 	variations string
@@ -61,7 +59,7 @@ type goTextGlyphImageCacheKey struct {
 
 // GoTextFaceSource is a source of a GoTextFace. This can be shared by multiple GoTextFace objects.
 type GoTextFaceSource struct {
-	f        font.Face
+	f        *font.Face
 	metadata Metadata
 
 	outputCache     map[goTextOutputCacheKey]*goTextOutputCacheValue
@@ -99,18 +97,18 @@ func NewGoTextFaceSource(source io.Reader) (*GoTextFaceSource, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	l, err := loader.NewLoader(src)
+	l, err := opentype.NewLoader(src)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	f, err := ofont.NewFont(l)
+	f, err := font.NewFont(l)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	s := &GoTextFaceSource{
-		f: &ofont.Face{Font: f},
+		f: font.NewFace(f),
 	}
 	s.addr = s
 	s.metadata = metadataFromLoader(l)
@@ -125,19 +123,19 @@ func NewGoTextFaceSourcesFromCollection(source io.Reader) ([]*GoTextFaceSource,
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	ls, err := loader.NewLoaders(src)
+	ls, err := opentype.NewLoaders(src)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	sources := make([]*GoTextFaceSource, len(ls))
 	for i, l := range ls {
-		f, err := ofont.NewFont(l)
+		f, err := font.NewFont(l)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		s := &GoTextFaceSource{
-			f: &ofont.Face{Font: f},
+			f: &font.Face{Font: f},
 		}
 		s.addr = s
 		s.metadata = metadataFromLoader(l)
@@ -158,9 +156,12 @@ func (g *GoTextFaceSource) Metadata() Metadata {
 }
 
 // UnsafeInternal returns its font.Face.
+// The return value type is any since github.com/go-text/typesettings's API is now unstable.
 //
-// This is unsafe since this might make internal cache states out of sync.
+// UnsafeInternal is unsafe since this might make internal cache states out of sync.
-func (g *GoTextFaceSource) UnsafeInternal() font.Face {
+//
+// UnsafeInternal might have breaking changes even in the same major version.
+func (g *GoTextFaceSource) UnsafeInternal() any {
 	return g.f
 }
 
@@ -218,22 +219,22 @@ func (g *GoTextFaceSource) shape(text string, face *GoTextFace) ([]shaping.Outpu
 
 		for _, gl := range out.Glyphs {
 			gl := gl
-			var segs []api.Segment
+			var segs []opentype.Segment
 			switch data := g.f.GlyphData(gl.GlyphID).(type) {
-			case api.GlyphOutline:
+			case font.GlyphOutline:
 				if out.Direction.IsSideways() {
 					data.Sideways(fixed26_6ToFloat32(-gl.YOffset) / fixed26_6ToFloat32(out.Size) * float32(f.Upem()))
 				}
 				segs = data.Segments
-			case api.GlyphSVG:
+			case font.GlyphSVG:
 				segs = data.Outline.Segments
-			case api.GlyphBitmap:
+			case font.GlyphBitmap:
 				if data.Outline != nil {
 					segs = data.Outline.Segments
 				}
 			}
 
-			scaledSegs := make([]api.Segment, len(segs))
+			scaledSegs := make([]opentype.Segment, len(segs))
 			scale := float32(g.scale(fixed26_6ToFloat64(out.Size)))
 			for i, seg := range segs {
 				scaledSegs[i] = seg
@@ -291,9 +292,9 @@ func (g *GoTextFaceSource) getOrCreateGlyphImage(goTextFace *GoTextFace, key goT
 }
 
 type singleFontmap struct {
-	face font.Face
+	face *font.Face
 }
 
-func (s *singleFontmap) ResolveFace(r rune) font.Face {
+func (s *singleFontmap) ResolveFace(r rune) *font.Face {
 	return s.face
 }

text/v2/gotextseg.go

@@ -19,15 +19,14 @@ import (
 	"image/draw"
 	"math"
 
-	gvector "golang.org/x/image/vector"
+	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/font/opentype"
-
-	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/opentype/api"
 	"golang.org/x/image/math/fixed"
+	gvector "golang.org/x/image/vector"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/vector"
 )
 
-func segmentsToBounds(segs []api.Segment) fixed.Rectangle26_6 {
+func segmentsToBounds(segs []opentype.Segment) fixed.Rectangle26_6 {
 	if len(segs) == 0 {
 		return fixed.Rectangle26_6{}
 	}
@@ -40,9 +39,9 @@ func segmentsToBounds(segs []api.Segment) fixed.Rectangle26_6 {
 	for _, seg := range segs {
 		n := 1
 		switch seg.Op {
-		case api.SegmentOpQuadTo:
+		case opentype.SegmentOpQuadTo:
 			n = 2
-		case api.SegmentOpCubeTo:
+		case opentype.SegmentOpCubeTo:
 			n = 3
 		}
 		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ func segmentsToBounds(segs []api.Segment) fixed.Rectangle26_6 {
 	}
 }
 
-func segmentsToImage(a *glyphAtlas, segs []api.Segment, subpixelOffset fixed.Point26_6, glyphBounds fixed.Rectangle26_6) *glyphImage {
+func segmentsToImage(a *glyphAtlas, segs []opentype.Segment, subpixelOffset fixed.Point26_6, glyphBounds fixed.Rectangle26_6) *glyphImage {
 	if len(segs) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -97,16 +96,16 @@ func segmentsToImage(a *glyphAtlas, segs []api.Segment, subpixelOffset fixed.Poi
 	rast.DrawOp = draw.Src
 	for _, seg := range segs {
 		switch seg.Op {
-		case api.SegmentOpMoveTo:
+		case opentype.SegmentOpMoveTo:
 			rast.MoveTo(seg.Args[0].X+biasX, seg.Args[0].Y+biasY)
-		case api.SegmentOpLineTo:
+		case opentype.SegmentOpLineTo:
 			rast.LineTo(seg.Args[0].X+biasX, seg.Args[0].Y+biasY)
-		case api.SegmentOpQuadTo:
+		case opentype.SegmentOpQuadTo:
 			rast.QuadTo(
 				seg.Args[0].X+biasX, seg.Args[0].Y+biasY,
 				seg.Args[1].X+biasX, seg.Args[1].Y+biasY,
 			)
-		case api.SegmentOpCubeTo:
+		case opentype.SegmentOpCubeTo:
 			rast.CubeTo(
 				seg.Args[0].X+biasX, seg.Args[0].Y+biasY,
 				seg.Args[1].X+biasX, seg.Args[1].Y+biasY,
@@ -128,19 +127,19 @@ func segmentsToImage(a *glyphAtlas, segs []api.Segment, subpixelOffset fixed.Poi
 	return img
 }
 
-func appendVectorPathFromSegments(path *vector.Path, segs []api.Segment, x, y float32) {
+func appendVectorPathFromSegments(path *vector.Path, segs []opentype.Segment, x, y float32) {
 	for _, seg := range segs {
 		switch seg.Op {
-		case api.SegmentOpMoveTo:
+		case opentype.SegmentOpMoveTo:
 			path.MoveTo(seg.Args[0].X+x, seg.Args[0].Y+y)
-		case api.SegmentOpLineTo:
+		case opentype.SegmentOpLineTo:
 			path.LineTo(seg.Args[0].X+x, seg.Args[0].Y+y)
-		case api.SegmentOpQuadTo:
+		case opentype.SegmentOpQuadTo:
 			path.QuadTo(
 				seg.Args[0].X+x, seg.Args[0].Y+y,
 				seg.Args[1].X+x, seg.Args[1].Y+y,
 			)
-		case api.SegmentOpCubeTo:
+		case opentype.SegmentOpCubeTo:
 			path.CubicTo(
 				seg.Args[0].X+x, seg.Args[0].Y+y,
 				seg.Args[1].X+x, seg.Args[1].Y+y,

text/v2/gox.go

@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ type GoXFace struct {
 
 	glyphImageCache glyphImageCache[goXFaceGlyphImageCacheKey]
 
+	cachedMetrics Metrics
+
 	addr *GoXFace
 }
 
@@ -68,17 +70,35 @@ func (s *GoXFace) copyCheck() {
 func (s *GoXFace) Metrics() Metrics {
 	s.copyCheck()
 
-	m := s.f.Metrics()
+	if s.cachedMetrics != (Metrics{}) {
-	return Metrics{
+		return s.cachedMetrics
-		HLineGap: fixed26_6ToFloat64(m.Height - m.Ascent - m.Descent),
-		HAscent:  fixed26_6ToFloat64(m.Ascent),
-		HDescent: fixed26_6ToFloat64(m.Descent),
 	}
+
+	fm := s.f.Metrics()
+	m := Metrics{
+		HLineGap:  fixed26_6ToFloat64(fm.Height - fm.Ascent - fm.Descent),
+		HAscent:   fixed26_6ToFloat64(fm.Ascent),
+		HDescent:  fixed26_6ToFloat64(fm.Descent),
+		XHeight:   fixed26_6ToFloat64(fm.XHeight),
+		CapHeight: fixed26_6ToFloat64(fm.CapHeight),
+	}
+
+	// There is an issue that XHeight and CapHeight are negative for some old fonts (golang/go#69378).
+	if fm.XHeight < 0 {
+		m.XHeight *= -1
+	}
+	if fm.CapHeight < 0 {
+		m.CapHeight *= -1
+	}
+	s.cachedMetrics = m
+	return m
 }
 
 // UnsafeInternal returns its internal font.Face.
 //
-// This is unsafe since this might make internal cache states out of sync.
+// UnsafeInternal is unsafe since this might make internal cache states out of sync.
+//
+// UnsafeInternal might have breaking changes even in the same major version.
 func (s *GoXFace) UnsafeInternal() font.Face {
 	s.copyCheck()
 	return s.f.f

text/v2/metadata.go

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
 package text
 
 import (
-	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/opentype/api/metadata"
+	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/font"
-	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/opentype/loader"
+	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/font/opentype"
 )
 
 // Metadata represents a font face's metadata.
@@ -27,47 +27,47 @@ type Metadata struct {
 	Stretch Stretch
 }
 
-func metadataFromLoader(l *loader.Loader) Metadata {
+func metadataFromLoader(l *opentype.Loader) Metadata {
-	f, a, _ := metadata.Describe(l, nil)
+	d, _ := font.Describe(l, nil)
 	return Metadata{
-		Family:  f,
+		Family:  d.Family,
-		Style:   Style(a.Style),
+		Style:   Style(d.Aspect.Style),
-		Weight:  Weight(a.Weight),
+		Weight:  Weight(d.Aspect.Weight),
-		Stretch: Stretch(a.Stretch),
+		Stretch: Stretch(d.Aspect.Stretch),
 	}
 }
 
 type Style uint8
 
 const (
-	StyleNormal Style = Style(metadata.StyleNormal)
+	StyleNormal Style = Style(font.StyleNormal)
-	StyleItalic Style = Style(metadata.StyleItalic)
+	StyleItalic Style = Style(font.StyleItalic)
 )
 
 type Weight float32
 
 const (
-	WeightThin       Weight = Weight(metadata.WeightThin)
+	WeightThin       Weight = Weight(font.WeightThin)
-	WeightExtraLight Weight = Weight(metadata.WeightExtraLight)
+	WeightExtraLight Weight = Weight(font.WeightExtraLight)
-	WeightLight      Weight = Weight(metadata.WeightLight)
+	WeightLight      Weight = Weight(font.WeightLight)
-	WeightNormal     Weight = Weight(metadata.WeightNormal)
+	WeightNormal     Weight = Weight(font.WeightNormal)
-	WeightMedium     Weight = Weight(metadata.WeightMedium)
+	WeightMedium     Weight = Weight(font.WeightMedium)
-	WeightSemibold   Weight = Weight(metadata.WeightSemibold)
+	WeightSemibold   Weight = Weight(font.WeightSemibold)
-	WeightBold       Weight = Weight(metadata.WeightBold)
+	WeightBold       Weight = Weight(font.WeightBold)
-	WeightExtraBold  Weight = Weight(metadata.WeightExtraBold)
+	WeightExtraBold  Weight = Weight(font.WeightExtraBold)
-	WeightBlack      Weight = Weight(metadata.WeightBlack)
+	WeightBlack      Weight = Weight(font.WeightBlack)
 )
 
 type Stretch float32
 
 const (
-	StretchUltraCondensed Stretch = Stretch(metadata.StretchUltraCondensed)
+	StretchUltraCondensed Stretch = Stretch(font.StretchUltraCondensed)
-	StretchExtraCondensed Stretch = Stretch(metadata.StretchExtraCondensed)
+	StretchExtraCondensed Stretch = Stretch(font.StretchExtraCondensed)
-	StretchCondensed      Stretch = Stretch(metadata.StretchCondensed)
+	StretchCondensed      Stretch = Stretch(font.StretchCondensed)
-	StretchSemiCondensed  Stretch = Stretch(metadata.StretchSemiCondensed)
+	StretchSemiCondensed  Stretch = Stretch(font.StretchSemiCondensed)
-	StretchNormal         Stretch = Stretch(metadata.StretchNormal)
+	StretchNormal         Stretch = Stretch(font.StretchNormal)
-	StretchSemiExpanded   Stretch = Stretch(metadata.StretchSemiExpanded)
+	StretchSemiExpanded   Stretch = Stretch(font.StretchSemiExpanded)
-	StretchExpanded       Stretch = Stretch(metadata.StretchExpanded)
+	StretchExpanded       Stretch = Stretch(font.StretchExpanded)
-	StretchExtraExpanded  Stretch = Stretch(metadata.StretchExtraExpanded)
+	StretchExtraExpanded  Stretch = Stretch(font.StretchExtraExpanded)
-	StretchUltraExpanded  Stretch = Stretch(metadata.StretchUltraExpanded)
+	StretchUltraExpanded  Stretch = Stretch(font.StretchUltraExpanded)
 )

text/v2/multi.go

@@ -75,6 +75,12 @@ func (m *MultiFace) Metrics() Metrics {
 		if mt1.VDescent > mt.VDescent {
 			mt.VDescent = mt1.VDescent
 		}
+		if mt1.XHeight > mt.XHeight {
+			mt.XHeight = mt1.XHeight
+		}
+		if mt1.CapHeight > mt.CapHeight {
+			mt.CapHeight = mt1.CapHeight
+		}
 	}
 	return mt
 }

text/v2/testdata/LICENSE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+# Licenses
+
+## `MPLUS1p-Regular.ttf`
+
+https://fonts.google.com/specimen/M+PLUS+1p
+
+```
+Copyright 2016 The M+ Project Authors.
+
+This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+This license is copied below, and is also available with a FAQ at:
+https://openfontlicense.org
+
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+SIL OPEN FONT LICENSE Version 1.1 - 26 February 2007
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+PREAMBLE
+The goals of the Open Font License (OFL) are to stimulate worldwide
+development of collaborative font projects, to support the font creation
+efforts of academic and linguistic communities, and to provide a free and
+open framework in which fonts may be shared and improved in partnership
+with others.
+
+The OFL allows the licensed fonts to be used, studied, modified and
+redistributed freely as long as they are not sold by themselves. The
+fonts, including any derivative works, can be bundled, embedded,
+redistributed and/or sold with any software provided that any reserved
+names are not used by derivative works. The fonts and derivatives,
+however, cannot be released under any other type of license. The
+requirement for fonts to remain under this license does not apply
+to any document created using the fonts or their derivatives.
+
+DEFINITIONS
+"Font Software" refers to the set of files released by the Copyright
+Holder(s) under this license and clearly marked as such. This may
+include source files, build scripts and documentation.
+
+"Reserved Font Name" refers to any names specified as such after the
+copyright statement(s).
+
+"Original Version" refers to the collection of Font Software components as
+distributed by the Copyright Holder(s).
+
+"Modified Version" refers to any derivative made by adding to, deleting,
+or substituting -- in part or in whole -- any of the components of the
+Original Version, by changing formats or by porting the Font Software to a
+new environment.
+
+"Author" refers to any designer, engineer, programmer, technical
+writer or other person who contributed to the Font Software.
+
+PERMISSION & CONDITIONS
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of the Font Software, to use, study, copy, merge, embed, modify,
+redistribute, and sell modified and unmodified copies of the Font
+Software, subject to the following conditions:
+
+1) Neither the Font Software nor any of its individual components,
+in Original or Modified Versions, may be sold by itself.
+
+2) Original or Modified Versions of the Font Software may be bundled,
+redistributed and/or sold with any software, provided that each copy
+contains the above copyright notice and this license. These can be
+included either as stand-alone text files, human-readable headers or
+in the appropriate machine-readable metadata fields within text or
+binary files as long as those fields can be easily viewed by the user.
+
+3) No Modified Version of the Font Software may use the Reserved Font
+Name(s) unless explicit written permission is granted by the corresponding
+Copyright Holder. This restriction only applies to the primary font name as
+presented to the users.
+
+4) The name(s) of the Copyright Holder(s) or the Author(s) of the Font
+Software shall not be used to promote, endorse or advertise any
+Modified Version, except to acknowledge the contribution(s) of the
+Copyright Holder(s) and the Author(s) or with their explicit written
+permission.
+
+5) The Font Software, modified or unmodified, in part or in whole,
+must be distributed entirely under this license, and must not be
+distributed under any other license. The requirement for fonts to
+remain under this license does not apply to any document created
+using the Font Software.
+
+TERMINATION
+This license becomes null and void if any of the above conditions are
+not met.
+
+DISCLAIMER
+THE FONT SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT
+OF COPYRIGHT, PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER RIGHT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE FONT SOFTWARE OR FROM
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE FONT SOFTWARE.
+```
+
+## `Roboto-Regular.ttf`
+
+https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Roboto
+
+
+```
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
+      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
+      by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
+      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
+      with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
+      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+      as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+      meet the following conditions:
+
+      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+          stating that You changed the files; and
+
+      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+          the Derivative Works; and
+
+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
+          within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
+          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
+          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+      boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
+      replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
+      the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
+      comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
+      file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
+      same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
+      identification within third-party archives.
+
+   Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+```

text/v2/text.go

@@ -69,6 +69,12 @@ type Metrics struct {
 	// VDescent is the distance in pixels from the top of a line to its baseline for vertical lines.
 	// If the face is GoXFace or the font doesn't support a vertical direction, VDescent is 0.
 	VDescent float64
+
+	// XHeight is the distance in pixels from the baseline to the top of the lower case letters.
+	XHeight float64
+
+	// CapHeight is the distance in pixels from the baseline to the top of the capital letters.
+	CapHeight float64
 }
 
 func fixed26_6ToFloat32(x fixed.Int26_6) float32 {

text/v2/text_test.go

@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"image"
 	"image/color"
+	"math"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
@@ -25,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/bitmapfont/v3"
 	"golang.org/x/image/font"
 	"golang.org/x/image/font/gofont/goregular"
+	"golang.org/x/image/font/opentype"
 	"golang.org/x/image/math/fixed"
 
 	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2"
@@ -374,6 +378,78 @@ func TestDrawOptionsNotModified(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestGoXFaceMetrics(t *testing.T) {
+	const size = 100
+
+	fontFiles := []string{
+		// MPLUS1p-Regular.ttf is an old version of M+ 1p font, and this doesn't have metadata.
+		"MPLUS1p-Regular.ttf",
+		"Roboto-Regular.ttf",
+	}
+
+	for _, fontFile := range fontFiles {
+		fontFile := fontFile
+		t.Run(fontFile, func(t *testing.T) {
+			fontdata, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join("testdata", fontFile))
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			sfntFont, err := opentype.Parse(fontdata)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			opentypeFace, err := opentype.NewFace(sfntFont, &opentype.FaceOptions{
+				Size: size,
+				DPI:  72,
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			goXFace := text.NewGoXFace(opentypeFace)
+			goXMetrics := goXFace.Metrics()
+			if goXMetrics.XHeight <= 0 {
+				t.Errorf("GoXFace's XHeight must be positive but not: %f", goXMetrics.XHeight)
+			}
+			if goXMetrics.CapHeight <= 0 {
+				t.Errorf("GoXFace's CapHeight must be positive but not: %f", goXMetrics.CapHeight)
+			}
+
+			goTextFaceSource, err := text.NewGoTextFaceSource(bytes.NewBuffer(fontdata))
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			goTextFace := &text.GoTextFace{
+				Source: goTextFaceSource,
+				Size:   size,
+			}
+			goTextMetrics := goTextFace.Metrics()
+			if goTextMetrics.XHeight <= 0 {
+				t.Errorf("GoTextFace's XHeight must be positive but not: %f", goTextMetrics.XHeight)
+			}
+			if goTextMetrics.CapHeight <= 0 {
+				t.Errorf("GoTextFace's CapHeight must be positive but not: %f", goTextMetrics.CapHeight)
+			}
+
+			if math.Abs(goXMetrics.XHeight-goTextMetrics.XHeight) >= 0.1 {
+				t.Errorf("XHeight values don't match: %f (GoXFace) vs %f (GoTextFace)", goXMetrics.XHeight, goTextMetrics.XHeight)
+			}
+			if math.Abs(goXMetrics.CapHeight-goTextMetrics.CapHeight) >= 0.1 {
+				t.Errorf("CapHeight values don't match: %f (GoXFace) vs %f (GoTextFace)", goXMetrics.CapHeight, goTextMetrics.CapHeight)
+			}
+
+			// Check that a MultiFace should have the same metrics.
+			multiFace, err := text.NewMultiFace(goTextFace)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if got := multiFace.Metrics(); got != goTextMetrics {
+				t.Errorf("got: %v, want: %v", got, goTextMetrics)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func BenchmarkDrawText(b *testing.B) {
 	var txt string
 	for i := 0; i < 32; i++ {
@@ -392,4 +468,4 @@ func BenchmarkDrawText(b *testing.B) {
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		text.Draw(screen, txt, f, op)
 	}
-}
+}

window.go

@@ -25,21 +25,21 @@ import (
 //
 // Regardless of the resizing mode, an Ebitengine application can still change the window size or make
 // the window fullscreen by calling Ebitengine functions.
-type WindowResizingModeType = ui.WindowResizingMode
+type WindowResizingModeType int
 
 // WindowResizingModeTypes
 const (
 	// WindowResizingModeDisabled indicates the mode to disallow resizing the window by a user.
-	WindowResizingModeDisabled WindowResizingModeType = ui.WindowResizingModeDisabled
+	WindowResizingModeDisabled WindowResizingModeType = WindowResizingModeType(ui.WindowResizingModeDisabled)
 
 	// WindowResizingModeOnlyFullscreenEnabled indicates the mode to disallow resizing the window,
 	// but allow to make the window fullscreen by a user.
 	// This works only on macOS so far.
 	// On the other platforms, this is the same as WindowResizingModeDisabled.
-	WindowResizingModeOnlyFullscreenEnabled WindowResizingModeType = ui.WindowResizingModeOnlyFullscreenEnabled
+	WindowResizingModeOnlyFullscreenEnabled WindowResizingModeType = WindowResizingModeType(ui.WindowResizingModeOnlyFullscreenEnabled)
 
 	// WindowResizingModeEnabled indicates the mode to allow resizing the window by a user.
-	WindowResizingModeEnabled WindowResizingModeType = ui.WindowResizingModeEnabled
+	WindowResizingModeEnabled WindowResizingModeType = WindowResizingModeType(ui.WindowResizingModeEnabled)
 )
 
 // IsWindowDecorated reports whether the window is decorated.
@@ -67,14 +67,14 @@ func SetWindowDecorated(decorated bool) {
 //
 // WindowResizingMode is concurrent-safe.
 func WindowResizingMode() WindowResizingModeType {
-	return ui.Get().Window().ResizingMode()
+	return WindowResizingModeType(ui.Get().Window().ResizingMode())
 }
 
 // SetWindowResizingMode sets the mode in which a user resizes the window.
 //
 // SetWindowResizingMode is concurrent-safe.
 func SetWindowResizingMode(mode WindowResizingModeType) {
-	ui.Get().Window().SetResizingMode(mode)
+	ui.Get().Window().SetResizingMode(ui.WindowResizingMode(mode))
 }
 
 // IsWindowResizable reports whether the window is resizable by the user's dragging on desktops.