ebiten/internal/shader/expr.go

// Copyright 2020 The Ebiten Authors
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package shader

import (
	"fmt"
	"go/ast"
	gconstant "go/constant"
	"go/token"
	"regexp"
	"strconv"
	"strings"

	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/internal/shaderir"
)

func canTruncateToInteger(v gconstant.Value) bool {
	return gconstant.ToInt(v).Kind() != gconstant.Unknown
}

func canTruncateToFloat(v gconstant.Value) bool {
	return gconstant.ToFloat(v).Kind() != gconstant.Unknown
}

func isUntypedInteger(expr *shaderir.Expr) bool {
	return expr.Const.Kind() == gconstant.Int && expr.ConstType == shaderir.ConstTypeNone
}

func isModAvailableForConsts(lhs, rhs *shaderir.Expr) bool {
	// % is available only when
	// 1) both are untyped integers
	// 2) either is an typed integer and the other is truncatable to an integer
	if isUntypedInteger(lhs) && isUntypedInteger(rhs) {
		return true
	}
	if lhs.ConstType == shaderir.ConstTypeInt && canTruncateToInteger(rhs.Const) {
		return true
	}
	if rhs.ConstType == shaderir.ConstTypeInt && canTruncateToInteger(lhs.Const) {
		return true
	}
	return false
}

func canApplyBinaryOp(lhs, rhs *shaderir.Expr, lhst, rhst shaderir.Type, op shaderir.Op) bool {
	if op == shaderir.AndAnd || op == shaderir.OrOr {
		return lhst.Main == shaderir.Bool && rhst.Main == shaderir.Bool
	}

	switch {
	case lhs.Const != nil && rhs.Const != nil:
		switch {
		case lhs.ConstType == shaderir.ConstTypeNone && rhs.ConstType == shaderir.ConstTypeNone:
			if canTruncateToFloat(lhs.Const) && canTruncateToFloat(rhs.Const) {
				return true
			}
			if canTruncateToInteger(lhs.Const) && canTruncateToInteger(rhs.Const) {
				return true
			}
			return lhs.Const.Kind() == rhs.Const.Kind()
		case lhs.ConstType == shaderir.ConstTypeNone:
			switch rhs.ConstType {
			case shaderir.ConstTypeFloat:
				return canTruncateToFloat(lhs.Const)
			case shaderir.ConstTypeInt:
				return canTruncateToInteger(lhs.Const)
			}
		case rhs.ConstType == shaderir.ConstTypeNone:
			switch lhs.ConstType {
			case shaderir.ConstTypeInt:
				return canTruncateToInteger(rhs.Const)
			case shaderir.ConstTypeFloat:
				return canTruncateToFloat(rhs.Const)
			}
		}
		return lhs.ConstType == rhs.ConstType

	case lhs.Const != nil:
		switch lhs.ConstType {
		case shaderir.ConstTypeNone:
			if rhst.Main == shaderir.Float {
				return canTruncateToFloat(lhs.Const)
			}
			if rhst.Main == shaderir.Int {
				return canTruncateToInteger(lhs.Const)
			}
		case shaderir.ConstTypeFloat:
			return rhst.Main == shaderir.Float
		case shaderir.ConstTypeInt:
			return rhst.Main == shaderir.Int
		case shaderir.ConstTypeBool:
			return rhst.Main == shaderir.Bool
		}

	case rhs.Const != nil:
		switch rhs.ConstType {
		case shaderir.ConstTypeNone:
			if lhst.Main == shaderir.Float {
				return canTruncateToFloat(rhs.Const)
			}
			if lhst.Main == shaderir.Int {
				return canTruncateToInteger(rhs.Const)
			}
		case shaderir.ConstTypeFloat:
			return lhst.Main == shaderir.Float
		case shaderir.ConstTypeInt:
			return lhst.Main == shaderir.Int
		case shaderir.ConstTypeBool:
			return lhst.Main == shaderir.Bool
		}
	}

	// Comparing matrices are forbidden (#2187).
	if lhst.IsMatrix() || rhst.IsMatrix() {
		return false
	}

	return lhst.Equal(&rhst)
}

func goConstantKindString(k gconstant.Kind) string {
	switch k {
	case gconstant.Bool:
		return "bool"
	case gconstant.String:
		return "string"
	case gconstant.Int:
		return "int"
	case gconstant.Float:
		return "float"
	case gconstant.Complex:
		return "complex"
	}
	return "unknown"
}

var textureVariableRe = regexp.MustCompile(`\A__t(\d+)\z`)

func (cs *compileState) parseExpr(block *block, fname string, expr ast.Expr, markLocalVariableUsed bool) ([]shaderir.Expr, []shaderir.Type, []shaderir.Stmt, bool) {
	switch e := expr.(type) {
	case *ast.BasicLit:
		switch e.Kind {
		case token.INT:
			// The type is not determined yet.
			return []shaderir.Expr{
				{
					Type:  shaderir.NumberExpr,
					Const: gconstant.MakeFromLiteral(e.Value, e.Kind, 0),
				},
			}, []shaderir.Type{{}}, nil, true
		case token.FLOAT:
			// The type is not determined yet.
			return []shaderir.Expr{
				{
					Type:  shaderir.NumberExpr,
					Const: gconstant.MakeFromLiteral(e.Value, e.Kind, 0),
				},
			}, []shaderir.Type{{}}, nil, true
		default:
			cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("literal not implemented: %#v", e))
		}

	case *ast.BinaryExpr:
		var stmts []shaderir.Stmt

		// Prase LHS first for the order of the statements.
		lhs, ts, ss, ok := cs.parseExpr(block, fname, e.X, markLocalVariableUsed)
		if !ok {
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}
		if len(lhs) != 1 {
			cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("multiple-value context is not available at a binary operator: %s", e.X))
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}
		stmts = append(stmts, ss...)
		lhst := ts[0]

		rhs, ts, ss, ok := cs.parseExpr(block, fname, e.Y, markLocalVariableUsed)
		if !ok {
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}
		if len(rhs) != 1 {
			cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("multiple-value context is not available at a binary operator: %s", e.Y))
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}
		stmts = append(stmts, ss...)
		rhst := ts[0]

		if lhs[0].Const != nil && rhs[0].Const != nil {
			op := e.Op
			// https://golang.org/pkg/go/constant/#BinaryOp
			// "To force integer division of Int operands, use op == token.QUO_ASSIGN instead of
			// token.QUO; the result is guaranteed to be Int in this case."
			if op == token.QUO && lhs[0].Const.Kind() == gconstant.Int && rhs[0].Const.Kind() == gconstant.Int {
				op = token.QUO_ASSIGN
			}
			var v gconstant.Value
			var t shaderir.Type
			switch op {
			case token.EQL, token.NEQ, token.LSS, token.LEQ, token.GTR, token.GEQ, token.LAND, token.LOR:
				op2, ok := shaderir.OpFromToken(op, lhst, rhst)
				if !ok {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("unexpected operator: %s", op))
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				if !canApplyBinaryOp(&lhs[0], &rhs[0], lhst, rhst, op2) {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("types don't match: %s %s %s", lhst.String(), op, rhst.String()))
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				switch op {
				case token.LAND, token.LOR:
					b := gconstant.BoolVal(gconstant.BinaryOp(lhs[0].Const, op, rhs[0].Const))
					v = gconstant.MakeBool(b)
				default:
					v = gconstant.MakeBool(gconstant.Compare(lhs[0].Const, op, rhs[0].Const))
				}
				t = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Bool}
			default:
				if op == token.REM {
					if !isModAvailableForConsts(&lhs[0], &rhs[0]) {
						var wrongTypeName string
						if lhs[0].Const.Kind() != gconstant.Int {
							wrongTypeName = goConstantKindString(lhs[0].Const.Kind())
						} else {
							wrongTypeName = goConstantKindString(rhs[0].Const.Kind())
						}
						cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("invalid operation: operator %% not defined on untyped %s", wrongTypeName))
						return nil, nil, nil, false
					}
					if !cs.forceToInt(e, &lhs[0]) {
						return nil, nil, nil, false
					}
					if !cs.forceToInt(e, &rhs[0]) {
						return nil, nil, nil, false
					}
				}
				v = gconstant.BinaryOp(lhs[0].Const, op, rhs[0].Const)
				if v.Kind() == gconstant.Float {
					t = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Float}
				} else {
					t = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Int}
				}
			}

			return []shaderir.Expr{
				{
					Type:  shaderir.NumberExpr,
					Const: v,
				},
			}, []shaderir.Type{t}, stmts, true
		}

		op, ok := shaderir.OpFromToken(e.Op, lhst, rhst)
		if !ok {
			cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("unexpected operator: %s", e.Op))
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}

		var t shaderir.Type
		switch {
		case op == shaderir.LessThanOp || op == shaderir.LessThanEqualOp || op == shaderir.GreaterThanOp || op == shaderir.GreaterThanEqualOp || op == shaderir.EqualOp || op == shaderir.NotEqualOp || op == shaderir.VectorEqualOp || op == shaderir.VectorNotEqualOp || op == shaderir.AndAnd || op == shaderir.OrOr:
			if !canApplyBinaryOp(&lhs[0], &rhs[0], lhst, rhst, op) {
				cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("types don't match: %s %s %s", lhst.String(), e.Op, rhst.String()))
				return nil, nil, nil, false
			}
			t = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Bool}
		case lhs[0].Const != nil && rhs[0].Const == nil:
			switch rhst.Main {
			case shaderir.Mat2, shaderir.Mat3, shaderir.Mat4:
				if op != shaderir.MatrixMul {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("types don't match: %s %s %s", lhst.String(), e.Op, rhst.String()))
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				fallthrough
			case shaderir.Vec2, shaderir.Vec3, shaderir.Vec4:
				if lhs[0].ConstType == shaderir.ConstTypeInt {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("types don't match: %s %s %s", lhst.String(), e.Op, rhst.String()))
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
			case shaderir.Int:
				if !canTruncateToInteger(lhs[0].Const) {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("constant %s truncated to integer", lhs[0].Const.String()))
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				lhs[0].ConstType = shaderir.ConstTypeInt
			}
			t = rhst
		case lhs[0].Const == nil && rhs[0].Const != nil:
			switch lhst.Main {
			case shaderir.Mat2, shaderir.Mat3, shaderir.Mat4:
				if op != shaderir.MatrixMul && op != shaderir.Div {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("types don't match: %s %s %s", lhst.String(), e.Op, rhst.String()))
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				fallthrough
			case shaderir.Vec2, shaderir.Vec3, shaderir.Vec4:
				if rhs[0].ConstType == shaderir.ConstTypeInt {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("types don't match: %s %s %s", lhst.String(), e.Op, rhst.String()))
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
			case shaderir.Int:
				if !canTruncateToInteger(rhs[0].Const) {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("constant %s truncated to integer", rhs[0].Const.String()))
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				rhs[0].ConstType = shaderir.ConstTypeInt
			}
			t = lhst
		case lhst.Equal(&rhst):
			if op == shaderir.Div && (rhst.Main == shaderir.Mat2 || rhst.Main == shaderir.Mat3 || rhst.Main == shaderir.Mat4) {
				cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("invalid operation: operator %s not defined on %s", e.Op, rhst.String()))
				return nil, nil, nil, false
			}
			t = lhst
		case lhst.Main == shaderir.Float:
			switch rhst.Main {
			case shaderir.Float, shaderir.Vec2, shaderir.Vec3, shaderir.Vec4:
				t = rhst
			case shaderir.Mat2, shaderir.Mat3, shaderir.Mat4:
				if op != shaderir.MatrixMul {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("types don't match: %s %s %s", lhst.String(), e.Op, rhst.String()))
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				t = rhst
			default:
				cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("types don't match: %s %s %s", lhst.String(), e.Op, rhst.String()))
				return nil, nil, nil, false
			}
		case rhst.Main == shaderir.Float:
			switch lhst.Main {
			case shaderir.Float, shaderir.Vec2, shaderir.Vec3, shaderir.Vec4:
				t = lhst
			case shaderir.Mat2, shaderir.Mat3, shaderir.Mat4:
				if op != shaderir.MatrixMul && op != shaderir.Div {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("types don't match: %s %s %s", lhst.String(), e.Op, rhst.String()))
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				t = lhst
			default:
				cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("types don't match: %s %s %s", lhst.String(), e.Op, rhst.String()))
				return nil, nil, nil, false
			}
		case op == shaderir.MatrixMul && (lhst.Main == shaderir.Vec2 && rhst.Main == shaderir.Mat2 ||
			lhst.Main == shaderir.Mat2 && rhst.Main == shaderir.Vec2):
			t = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Vec2}
		case op == shaderir.MatrixMul && (lhst.Main == shaderir.Vec3 && rhst.Main == shaderir.Mat3 ||
			lhst.Main == shaderir.Mat3 && rhst.Main == shaderir.Vec3):
			t = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Vec3}
		case op == shaderir.MatrixMul && (lhst.Main == shaderir.Vec4 && rhst.Main == shaderir.Mat4 ||
			lhst.Main == shaderir.Mat4 && rhst.Main == shaderir.Vec4):
			t = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Vec4}
		default:
			cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("invalid expression: %s %s %s", lhst.String(), e.Op, rhst.String()))
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}

		// For `%`, both types must be deducible to integers.
		if op == shaderir.ModOp {
			// TODO: What about ivec?
			if lhst.Main != shaderir.Int && (lhs[0].ConstType == shaderir.ConstTypeNone || !canTruncateToInteger(lhs[0].Const)) ||
				rhst.Main != shaderir.Int && (rhs[0].ConstType == shaderir.ConstTypeNone || !canTruncateToInteger(rhs[0].Const)) {
				var wrongType shaderir.Type
				if lhst.Main != shaderir.Int {
					wrongType = lhst
				} else {
					wrongType = rhst
				}
				cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("invalid operation: operator %% not defined on %s", wrongType.String()))
				return nil, nil, nil, false
			}
		}

		return []shaderir.Expr{
			{
				Type:  shaderir.Binary,
				Op:    op,
				Exprs: []shaderir.Expr{lhs[0], rhs[0]},
			},
		}, []shaderir.Type{t}, stmts, true

	case *ast.CallExpr:
		var (
			callee shaderir.Expr
			args   []shaderir.Expr
			argts  []shaderir.Type
			stmts  []shaderir.Stmt
		)

		// Parse the argument first for the order of the statements.
		for _, a := range e.Args {
			es, ts, ss, ok := cs.parseExpr(block, fname, a, markLocalVariableUsed)
			if !ok {
				return nil, nil, nil, false
			}
			if len(es) > 1 && len(e.Args) > 1 {
				cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("single-value context and multiple-value context cannot be mixed: %s", e.Fun))
				return nil, nil, nil, false
			}
			args = append(args, es...)
			argts = append(argts, ts...)
			stmts = append(stmts, ss...)
		}

		// TODO: When len(ss) is not 0?
		es, _, ss, ok := cs.parseExpr(block, fname, e.Fun, markLocalVariableUsed)
		if !ok {
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}
		if len(es) != 1 {
			cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("multiple-value context is not available at a callee: %s", e.Fun))
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}
		callee = es[0]
		stmts = append(stmts, ss...)

		// For built-in functions, we can call this in this position. Return an expression for the function
		// call.
		if callee.Type == shaderir.BuiltinFuncExpr {
			// Process compile-time evaluations.
			switch callee.BuiltinFunc {
			case shaderir.Len, shaderir.Cap:
				if len(args) != 1 {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("number of %s's arguments must be 1 but %d", callee.BuiltinFunc, len(args)))
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				if argts[0].Main != shaderir.Array {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("%s takes an array but %s", callee.BuiltinFunc, argts[0].String()))
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				return []shaderir.Expr{
					{
						Type:      shaderir.NumberExpr,
						Const:     gconstant.MakeInt64(int64(argts[0].Length)),
						ConstType: shaderir.ConstTypeInt,
					},
				}, []shaderir.Type{{Main: shaderir.Int}}, stmts, true
			case shaderir.BoolF:
				if len(args) == 1 && args[0].Const != nil {
					if args[0].Const.Kind() != gconstant.Bool {
						cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("cannot convert %s to type bool", args[0].Const.String()))
						return nil, nil, nil, false
					}
					return []shaderir.Expr{
						{
							Type:      shaderir.NumberExpr,
							Const:     args[0].Const,
							ConstType: shaderir.ConstTypeBool,
						},
					}, []shaderir.Type{{Main: shaderir.Bool}}, stmts, true
				}
			case shaderir.IntF:
				if len(args) == 1 && args[0].Const != nil {
					if !canTruncateToInteger(args[0].Const) {
						cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("cannot convert %s to type int", args[0].Const.String()))
						return nil, nil, nil, false
					}
					return []shaderir.Expr{
						{
							Type:      shaderir.NumberExpr,
							Const:     gconstant.ToInt(args[0].Const),
							ConstType: shaderir.ConstTypeInt,
						},
					}, []shaderir.Type{{Main: shaderir.Int}}, stmts, true
				}
			case shaderir.FloatF:
				if len(args) == 1 && args[0].Const != nil {
					if gconstant.ToFloat(args[0].Const).Kind() != gconstant.Unknown {
						return []shaderir.Expr{
							{
								Type:      shaderir.NumberExpr,
								Const:     gconstant.ToFloat(args[0].Const),
								ConstType: shaderir.ConstTypeFloat,
							},
						}, []shaderir.Type{{Main: shaderir.Float}}, stmts, true
					}
				}
			}

			// Process the expression as a regular function call.
			var t shaderir.Type
			switch callee.BuiltinFunc {
			case shaderir.BoolF:
				if err := checkArgsForBoolBuiltinFunc(args, argts); err != nil {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), err.Error())
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				t = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Bool}
			case shaderir.IntF:
				if err := checkArgsForIntBuiltinFunc(args, argts); err != nil {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), err.Error())
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				t = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Int}
			case shaderir.FloatF:
				if err := checkArgsForFloatBuiltinFunc(args, argts); err != nil {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), err.Error())
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				t = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Float}
			case shaderir.Vec2F:
				if err := checkArgsForVec2BuiltinFunc(args, argts); err != nil {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), err.Error())
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				t = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Vec2}
			case shaderir.Vec3F:
				if err := checkArgsForVec3BuiltinFunc(args, argts); err != nil {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), err.Error())
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				t = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Vec3}
			case shaderir.Vec4F:
				if err := checkArgsForVec4BuiltinFunc(args, argts); err != nil {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), err.Error())
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				t = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Vec4}
			case shaderir.Mat2F:
				if err := checkArgsForMat2BuiltinFunc(args, argts); err != nil {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), err.Error())
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				t = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Mat2}
			case shaderir.Mat3F:
				if err := checkArgsForMat3BuiltinFunc(args, argts); err != nil {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), err.Error())
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				t = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Mat3}
			case shaderir.Mat4F:
				if err := checkArgsForMat4BuiltinFunc(args, argts); err != nil {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), err.Error())
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				t = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Mat4}
			case shaderir.Texture2DF:
				if len(args) != 2 {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("number of %s's arguments must be 2 but %d", callee.BuiltinFunc, len(args)))
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				if argts[0].Main != shaderir.Texture {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("cannot use %s as texture value in argument to %s", argts[0].String(), callee.BuiltinFunc))
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				if argts[1].Main != shaderir.Vec2 {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("cannot use %s as vec2 value in argument to %s", argts[1].String(), callee.BuiltinFunc))
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				t = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Vec4}
			case shaderir.DiscardF:
				if len(args) != 0 {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("number of %s's arguments must be 0 but %d", callee.BuiltinFunc, len(args)))
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				if fname != cs.fragmentEntry {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("discard is available only in %s", cs.fragmentEntry))
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				stmts = append(stmts, shaderir.Stmt{
					Type: shaderir.Discard,
				})
				return nil, nil, stmts, true

			case shaderir.Clamp, shaderir.Mix, shaderir.Smoothstep, shaderir.Faceforward, shaderir.Refract:
				// 3 arguments
				if len(args) != 3 {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("number of %s's arguments must be 3 but %d", callee.BuiltinFunc, len(args)))
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				for i := range args {
					// If the argument is a non-typed constant value, treat this as a float value (#1874).
					if args[i].Const != nil && args[i].ConstType == shaderir.ConstTypeNone && gconstant.ToFloat(args[i].Const).Kind() != gconstant.Unknown {
						args[i].Const = gconstant.ToFloat(args[i].Const)
						args[i].ConstType = shaderir.ConstTypeFloat
						argts[i] = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Float}
					}
					if argts[i].Main != shaderir.Float && argts[i].Main != shaderir.Vec2 && argts[i].Main != shaderir.Vec3 && argts[i].Main != shaderir.Vec4 {
						cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("cannot use %s as float, vec2, vec3, or vec4 value in argument to %s", argts[i].String(), callee.BuiltinFunc))
						return nil, nil, nil, false
					}
				}
				switch callee.BuiltinFunc {
				case shaderir.Clamp:
					if (!argts[0].Equal(&argts[1]) || !argts[0].Equal(&argts[2])) && (argts[1].Main != shaderir.Float || argts[2].Main != shaderir.Float) {
						cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("the second and the third arguments for %s must equal to the first argument %s or float but %s and %s", callee.BuiltinFunc, argts[0].String(), argts[1].String(), argts[2].String()))
						return nil, nil, nil, false
					}
				case shaderir.Mix:
					if !argts[0].Equal(&argts[1]) {
						cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("%s and %s don't match in argument to %s", argts[0].String(), argts[1].String(), callee.BuiltinFunc))
						return nil, nil, nil, false
					}
					if !argts[0].Equal(&argts[2]) && argts[2].Main != shaderir.Float {
						cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("the third arguments for %s must equal to the first/second argument %s or float but %s", callee.BuiltinFunc, argts[0].String(), argts[2].String()))
						return nil, nil, nil, false
					}
				case shaderir.Smoothstep:
					if (!argts[0].Equal(&argts[1]) || !argts[0].Equal(&argts[2])) && (argts[0].Main != shaderir.Float || argts[1].Main != shaderir.Float) {
						cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("the first and the second arguments for %s must equal to the third argument %s or float but %s and %s", callee.BuiltinFunc, argts[2].String(), argts[0].String(), argts[1].String()))
						return nil, nil, nil, false
					}
				case shaderir.Refract:
					if !argts[0].Equal(&argts[1]) {
						cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("%s and %s don't match in argument to %s", argts[0].String(), argts[1].String(), callee.BuiltinFunc))
						return nil, nil, nil, false
					}
					if argts[2].Main != shaderir.Float {
						cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("cannot use %s as float value in argument to %s", argts[2].String(), callee.BuiltinFunc))
						return nil, nil, nil, false
					}
				default:
					if !argts[0].Equal(&argts[1]) || !argts[0].Equal(&argts[2]) {
						cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("all the argument types for %s must be the same but %s, %s, and %s", callee.BuiltinFunc, argts[0].String(), argts[1].String(), argts[2].String()))
						return nil, nil, nil, false
					}
				}

				switch callee.BuiltinFunc {
				case shaderir.Smoothstep:
					t = argts[2]
				default:
					t = argts[0]
				}

			case shaderir.Atan2, shaderir.Pow, shaderir.Mod, shaderir.Min, shaderir.Max, shaderir.Step, shaderir.Distance, shaderir.Dot, shaderir.Cross, shaderir.Reflect:
				// 2 arguments
				if len(args) != 2 {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("number of %s's arguments must be 2 but %d", callee.BuiltinFunc, len(args)))
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				for i := range args {
					// If the argument is a non-typed constant value, treat this as a float value (#1874).
					if args[i].Const != nil && args[i].ConstType == shaderir.ConstTypeNone && gconstant.ToFloat(args[i].Const).Kind() != gconstant.Unknown {
						args[i].Const = gconstant.ToFloat(args[i].Const)
						args[i].ConstType = shaderir.ConstTypeFloat
						argts[i] = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Float}
					}
					if argts[i].Main != shaderir.Float && argts[i].Main != shaderir.Vec2 && argts[i].Main != shaderir.Vec3 && argts[i].Main != shaderir.Vec4 {
						cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("cannot use %s as float, vec2, vec3, or vec4 value in argument to %s", argts[i].String(), callee.BuiltinFunc))
						return nil, nil, nil, false
					}
				}

				switch callee.BuiltinFunc {
				case shaderir.Mod, shaderir.Min, shaderir.Max:
					if !argts[0].Equal(&argts[1]) && argts[1].Main != shaderir.Float {
						cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("the second argument for %s must equal to the first argument %s or float but %s", callee.BuiltinFunc, argts[0].String(), argts[1].String()))
						return nil, nil, nil, false
					}
				case shaderir.Step:
					if !argts[0].Equal(&argts[1]) && argts[0].Main != shaderir.Float {
						cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("the first argument for %s must equal to the second argument %s or float but %s", callee.BuiltinFunc, argts[1].String(), argts[0].String()))
						return nil, nil, nil, false
					}
				case shaderir.Cross:
					for i := range argts {
						if argts[i].Main != shaderir.Vec3 {
							cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("cannot use %s as vec3 value in argument to %s", argts[i].String(), callee.BuiltinFunc))
							return nil, nil, nil, false
						}
					}
				default:
					if !argts[0].Equal(&argts[1]) {
						cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("%s and %s don't match in argument to %s", argts[0].String(), argts[1].String(), callee.BuiltinFunc))
						return nil, nil, nil, false
					}
				}
				switch callee.BuiltinFunc {
				case shaderir.Distance, shaderir.Dot:
					t = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Float}
				case shaderir.Step:
					t = argts[1]
				default:
					t = argts[0]
				}

			default:
				// 1 argument
				if len(args) != 1 {
					cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("number of %s's arguments must be 1 but %d", callee.BuiltinFunc, len(args)))
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
				// If the argument is a non-typed constant value, treat this as a float value (#1874).
				if args[0].Const != nil && args[0].ConstType == shaderir.ConstTypeNone && gconstant.ToFloat(args[0].Const).Kind() != gconstant.Unknown {
					args[0].Const = gconstant.ToFloat(args[0].Const)
					args[0].ConstType = shaderir.ConstTypeFloat
					argts[0] = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Float}
				}
				switch callee.BuiltinFunc {
				case shaderir.Transpose:
					if argts[0].Main != shaderir.Mat2 && argts[0].Main != shaderir.Mat3 && argts[0].Main != shaderir.Mat4 {
						cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("cannot use %s as mat2, mat3, or mat4 value in argument to %s", argts[0].String(), callee.BuiltinFunc))
						return nil, nil, nil, false
					}
				default:
					if argts[0].Main != shaderir.Float && argts[0].Main != shaderir.Vec2 && argts[0].Main != shaderir.Vec3 && argts[0].Main != shaderir.Vec4 {
						cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("cannot use %s as float, vec2, vec3, or vec4 value in argument to %s", argts[0].String(), callee.BuiltinFunc))
						return nil, nil, nil, false
					}
				}
				if callee.BuiltinFunc == shaderir.Length {
					t = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Float}
				} else {
					t = argts[0]
				}
			}
			return []shaderir.Expr{
				{
					Type:  shaderir.Call,
					Exprs: append([]shaderir.Expr{callee}, args...),
				},
			}, []shaderir.Type{t}, stmts, true
		}

		if callee.Type != shaderir.FunctionExpr {
			cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("function callee must be a function name but %s", e.Fun))
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}

		f := cs.funcs[callee.Index]

		if len(f.ir.InParams) < len(args) {
			cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("too many arguments in call to %s", e.Fun))
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}
		if len(f.ir.InParams) > len(args) {
			cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("not enough arguments in call to %s", e.Fun))
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}

		for i, p := range f.ir.InParams {
			if args[i].Const != nil && p.Main == shaderir.Int {
				if !cs.forceToInt(e, &args[i]) {
					return nil, nil, nil, false
				}
			}

			if !canAssign(&p, &argts[i], args[i].Const) {
				cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("cannot use type %s as type %s in argument", argts[i].String(), p.String()))
				return nil, nil, nil, false
			}
		}

		var outParams []int
		for _, p := range f.ir.OutParams {
			idx := block.totalLocalVariableCount()
			block.vars = append(block.vars, variable{
				typ: p,
			})
			args = append(args, shaderir.Expr{
				Type:  shaderir.LocalVariable,
				Index: idx,
			})
			outParams = append(outParams, idx)
		}

		if t := f.ir.Return; t.Main != shaderir.None {
			if len(outParams) != 0 {
				cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("a function returning value cannot have out-params so far: %s", e.Fun))
				return nil, nil, nil, false
			}

			// The actual expression here is just a local variable that includes the result of the
			// function call.
			return []shaderir.Expr{
				{
					Type:  shaderir.Call,
					Exprs: append([]shaderir.Expr{callee}, args...),
				},
			}, []shaderir.Type{t}, stmts, true
		}

		// Even if the function doesn't return anything, calling the function should be done eariler to keep
		// the evaluation order.
		stmts = append(stmts, shaderir.Stmt{
			Type: shaderir.ExprStmt,
			Exprs: []shaderir.Expr{
				{
					Type:  shaderir.Call,
					Exprs: append([]shaderir.Expr{callee}, args...),
				},
			},
		})

		if len(outParams) == 0 {
			// TODO: Is this an error?
		}

		// These local-variable expressions are used for an outside function callers.
		var exprs []shaderir.Expr
		for _, p := range outParams {
			exprs = append(exprs, shaderir.Expr{
				Type:  shaderir.LocalVariable,
				Index: p,
			})
		}
		return exprs, f.ir.OutParams, stmts, true

	case *ast.Ident:
		if e.Name == "_" {
			// In the context where a local variable is marked as used, any expressions must have its
			// meaning. Then, a blank identifier is not available there.
			if markLocalVariableUsed {
				cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("cannot use _ as value"))
				return nil, nil, nil, false
			}
			return []shaderir.Expr{
				{
					Type: shaderir.Blank,
				},
			}, []shaderir.Type{{}}, nil, true
		}
		if i, t, ok := block.findLocalVariable(e.Name, markLocalVariableUsed); ok {
			return []shaderir.Expr{
				{
					Type:  shaderir.LocalVariable,
					Index: i,
				},
			}, []shaderir.Type{t}, nil, true
		}
		if c, ok := block.findConstant(e.Name); ok {
			return []shaderir.Expr{
				{
					Type:      shaderir.NumberExpr,
					Const:     c.value,
					ConstType: c.ctyp,
				},
			}, []shaderir.Type{c.typ}, nil, true
		}
		if i, ok := cs.findFunction(e.Name); ok {
			return []shaderir.Expr{
				{
					Type:  shaderir.FunctionExpr,
					Index: i,
				},
			}, nil, nil, true
		}
		if i, ok := cs.findUniformVariable(e.Name); ok {
			return []shaderir.Expr{
				{
					Type:  shaderir.UniformVariable,
					Index: i,
				},
			}, []shaderir.Type{cs.ir.Uniforms[i]}, nil, true
		}
		if f, ok := shaderir.ParseBuiltinFunc(e.Name); ok {
			return []shaderir.Expr{
				{
					Type:        shaderir.BuiltinFuncExpr,
					BuiltinFunc: f,
				},
			}, nil, nil, true
		}
		if m := textureVariableRe.FindStringSubmatch(e.Name); m != nil {
			i, _ := strconv.Atoi(m[1])
			return []shaderir.Expr{
				{
					Type:  shaderir.TextureVariable,
					Index: i,
				},
			}, []shaderir.Type{{Main: shaderir.Texture}}, nil, true
		}
		if e.Name == "true" || e.Name == "false" {
			return []shaderir.Expr{
				{
					Type:  shaderir.NumberExpr,
					Const: gconstant.MakeBool(e.Name == "true"),
				},
			}, []shaderir.Type{{Main: shaderir.Bool}}, nil, true
		}
		cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("unexpected identifier: %s", e.Name))

	case *ast.ParenExpr:
		return cs.parseExpr(block, fname, e.X, markLocalVariableUsed)

	case *ast.SelectorExpr:
		exprs, types, stmts, ok := cs.parseExpr(block, fname, e.X, true)
		if !ok {
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}
		if len(exprs) != 1 {
			cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("multiple-value context is not available at a selector: %s", e.X))
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}

		if !isValidSwizzling(e.Sel.Name, types[0]) {
			cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("unexpected swizzling: %s", e.Sel.Name))
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}

		var t shaderir.Type
		switch len(e.Sel.Name) {
		case 1:
			t.Main = shaderir.Float
		case 2:
			t.Main = shaderir.Vec2
		case 3:
			t.Main = shaderir.Vec3
		case 4:
			t.Main = shaderir.Vec4
		default:
			cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("unexpected swizzling: %s", e.Sel.Name))
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}
		return []shaderir.Expr{
			{
				Type: shaderir.FieldSelector,
				Exprs: []shaderir.Expr{
					exprs[0],
					{
						Type:      shaderir.SwizzlingExpr,
						Swizzling: e.Sel.Name,
					},
				},
			},
		}, []shaderir.Type{t}, stmts, true

	case *ast.UnaryExpr:
		exprs, t, stmts, ok := cs.parseExpr(block, fname, e.X, markLocalVariableUsed)
		if !ok {
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}
		if len(exprs) != 1 {
			cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("multiple-value context is not available at a unary operator: %s", e.X))
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}

		if exprs[0].Const != nil {
			v := gconstant.UnaryOp(e.Op, exprs[0].Const, 0)
			t := shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Int}
			if v.Kind() == gconstant.Float {
				t = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Float}
			}
			return []shaderir.Expr{
				{
					Type:  shaderir.NumberExpr,
					Const: v,
				},
			}, []shaderir.Type{t}, stmts, true
		}

		var op shaderir.Op
		switch e.Op {
		case token.ADD:
			op = shaderir.Add
		case token.SUB:
			op = shaderir.Sub
		case token.NOT:
			op = shaderir.NotOp
		default:
			cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("unexpected operator: %s", e.Op))
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}
		return []shaderir.Expr{
			{
				Type:  shaderir.Unary,
				Op:    op,
				Exprs: exprs,
			},
		}, t, stmts, true

	case *ast.CompositeLit:
		t, ok := cs.parseType(block, fname, e.Type)
		if !ok {
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}
		if t.Main == shaderir.Array && t.Length == -1 {
			t.Length = len(e.Elts)
		}

		idx := block.totalLocalVariableCount()
		block.vars = append(block.vars, variable{
			typ: t,
		})

		var stmts []shaderir.Stmt
		for i, e := range e.Elts {
			exprs, _, ss, ok := cs.parseExpr(block, fname, e, markLocalVariableUsed)
			if !ok {
				return nil, nil, nil, false
			}
			if len(exprs) != 1 {
				cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("multiple-value context is not available at a composite literal"))
				return nil, nil, nil, false
			}
			stmts = append(stmts, ss...)
			stmts = append(stmts, shaderir.Stmt{
				Type: shaderir.Assign,
				Exprs: []shaderir.Expr{
					{
						Type: shaderir.Index,
						Exprs: []shaderir.Expr{
							{
								Type:  shaderir.LocalVariable,
								Index: idx,
							},
							{
								Type:      shaderir.NumberExpr,
								Const:     gconstant.MakeInt64(int64(i)),
								ConstType: shaderir.ConstTypeInt,
							},
						},
					},
					exprs[0],
				},
			})
		}

		return []shaderir.Expr{
			{
				Type:  shaderir.LocalVariable,
				Index: idx,
			},
		}, []shaderir.Type{t}, stmts, true

	case *ast.IndexExpr:
		var stmts []shaderir.Stmt

		// Parse the index first
		exprs, _, ss, ok := cs.parseExpr(block, fname, e.Index, markLocalVariableUsed)
		if !ok {
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}
		stmts = append(stmts, ss...)

		if len(exprs) != 1 {
			cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("multiple-value context is not available at an index expression"))
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}
		idx := exprs[0]
		if idx.Const != nil {
			if !canTruncateToInteger(idx.Const) {
				cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("constant %s truncated to integer", idx.Const.String()))
				return nil, nil, nil, false
			}
			idx.ConstType = shaderir.ConstTypeInt
		}

		exprs, ts, ss, ok := cs.parseExpr(block, fname, e.X, markLocalVariableUsed)
		if !ok {
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}
		stmts = append(stmts, ss...)
		if len(exprs) != 1 {
			cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("multiple-value context is not available at an index expression"))
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}
		x := exprs[0]
		t := ts[0]

		var typ shaderir.Type
		switch t.Main {
		case shaderir.Vec2, shaderir.Vec3, shaderir.Vec4:
			typ = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Float}
		case shaderir.Mat2:
			typ = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Vec2}
		case shaderir.Mat3:
			typ = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Vec3}
		case shaderir.Mat4:
			typ = shaderir.Type{Main: shaderir.Vec4}
		case shaderir.Array:
			typ = t.Sub[0]
		default:
			cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("index operator cannot be applied to the type %s", t.String()))
			return nil, nil, nil, false
		}

		return []shaderir.Expr{
			{
				Type: shaderir.Index,
				Exprs: []shaderir.Expr{
					x,
					idx,
				},
			},
		}, []shaderir.Type{typ}, stmts, true

	default:
		cs.addError(e.Pos(), fmt.Sprintf("expression not implemented: %#v", e))
	}
	return nil, nil, nil, false
}

func isValidSwizzling(swizzling string, t shaderir.Type) bool {
	if !shaderir.IsValidSwizzling(swizzling) {
		return false
	}

	switch t.Main {
	case shaderir.Vec2:
		return !strings.ContainsAny(swizzling, "zwbarq")
	case shaderir.Vec3:
		return !strings.ContainsAny(swizzling, "waq")
	case shaderir.Vec4:
		return true
	default:
		return false
	}
}